Rupestre Art - Aboriginal culture in Cuba

"La Solapa de Los Pintores" (something like Screen of The Painters)

CUBA, Pinar del Rio province. Cuban scientists are researching and cataloging human remains and exemplaries of objects belonged to indigenous funerary practices, pictographs and petroglyphs in the Province of Pinar del Rio. Anthropologists are examining human bones and fragments that have a reddish color - wich were found in a hill situated in the town of Minas de Matahambre, northwest of the island.

The president of the Provincial Commission of Speleology - Mr. Carmenate Hilary, explains that these skeletons - pieces of skulls and other bones painted of red - are typical of the natives who inhabited the archipelago millennia ago

According to historian Jorge Freddy Ramirez, the painted bones are considered as a kind of cult of the dead. This practice was part of a magic and religious ritual related to the way of to confront the phenomenon of death, considered by locals as a moment of transition between two stages of existence.

Previous investigations revealed the presence, in the area - of colonial period relics, but the researchers are looking for burial sites associated to communities of the arquipelago of an epoch much more ancient. A research is just beginning. The discoveries made ​​so far will undergo tests to confirm the antiquity of bones, sex, age and perhaps the cause of death of those people.

Initially, the procedure consisted of undertaker bury the body along with offerings and personal belongings of the dead, as tools and ornaments. Later, at the appropriate time, the bones were exhumed and colorful. Then, a second burial was done in a sacred place. The scholar believes that native Cubans believed that life does not end with the death of the body. (An universal belief)

These indigenous were hunters, fishermen and gatherers of natural resources. These primitive men were called Guanahatabeyes. The language that is called Arawak. Other groups from the same area were known like Taino and Ciboney. All of them inhabited a vast territory where they lived at caves, plains and coastal regions

The caves are of particular interest in this research. To care of this aspect, speleologists are performing expeditions in search of pictographs and petroglyphs that remained occult or unknown in caves and rocks have not yet explored. These records may have been produced - both by indigenous of remote times as by slaves and maroons of the colonial period.

Cueva La Iguana

Once found the exemplars will be reproduced and will be subject to a preservation work to spare them from some deterioration, erosion of rains and winds, exposure to the sun, or even by the irresponsible actions of the laity.

Still at the province Pinar del Rio, in a remote place located there 140 km from Havana (Cuba's capital), have been discovered 40 rock art sites, work of indigenous pre-Columbians. In another region, called "La Solapa de Los Pintores" (something like Screen of The Painters), in an another place known as Minas Matahambre, there are magnificent pictorial murals.

"La Cueva del Cura" is also much known. Located in Viñales, there, are various styles overlap suggesting the presence of two races, two cultures: indigenous and maroon. Some of the figures evoke representations of pilots and birds. The grotto of St. Thomas, equally famous, has one of the greatest collections of rock art of Latin America.There, exist curious signs engraved on a wall stone covered by an soot layer.

SOURCES
HERNÁNDEZ PÉREZ. Pedro Luiz and JIMÉNEZ NUÑES, Antonio. Los petroglifos de la Cueva de La Iguana.
EL Explorador, published in 20/04/2007.
Accessed in 06/02/2012 [http://www.geda.pinarte.cult.cu/el_explorador/especial_nunez/el_explorador_especial4.htm]
MIRELES PILAR, Adalys. Develan huellas de cultura aborigen en Cuba.
Cuba Arqueológica/Prensa Latina, published in 03/03/3012
[http://cubaarqueologica.org/index.php?q=node/329]

Atmospheric phenomenon frightens residents of Brazil's hinterlands

BRAZIL, state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Near the city of Vincentina, during one of the many storms that recently fell on Itamarati Settlement Area, residents were startled when, during the night, a strange natural phenomenon occurred. 

A large cloud appeared illuminating the sky. It was red. It was emitting bright sparks, flaming and had unusual shape.

The visual effect is - really, extraordinary. But it is only an electrical phenomenon that occurs well above the earth and can be perceived at night when a storm is on the distant horizon. 

These occurrences are called by various names: red sprites, elves, blue jets, gnomes and pixies.

The red sprites explode in the clouds after emit a powerful electric charge in direction to the earth. The weak flares can spread for miles reaching the atmosphere there about 95 kilometers high.

They use to have tube the format or jellyfish, with thin blue rings under them. At its highest point, they can form lightning-shaped disc called "sprite halos." 

The color red is produced by the ionized nitrogen, the most common gas in the atmosphere. The Sprites can be saw only by milliseconds. Blue jets erupt on top of the core of a storm - the most electrically active region. Cones of narrow are formed and disappear there about 40 km in height

SOURCE: 

Moradores do Assentamento Itamarati se assustam com fenômeno da natureza.

IDEST/Vicentina, published in 04/03/2012

[http://www.idest.com.br/noticia.asp?id=34214]

Discovered - North-american rare coin found in a brazilian collection

BRAZIL, Piaui's state. February, 02 of march. That day, a Friday, the photographer and businessman piauiense (born in the state of Piaui; in this case, also resident at the same state) Irineu Fernandes, examining your coin collection - which features more than 300 pieces, discovered a rare coin, valued at 13 million reais (about seven and a half million dollars).

The exemplar, of which - it is estimated - there are only 13 others worldwide is known as "Double Eagle". One of those "Double Eagle" currently is on display at Golsmith's Hall in London.

The Double Eagles were first minted in 1850. They are made of California gold. In 1907, the coins received a new design. They stopped being produced em 1933, when President Franklin Roosevelt resolved to abolish at the country the "gold standard" - to save the economy during the Great Repression, 1929. Most of the gold coins of the epoch - then - were melted in order to stem the financial crisis.

SOURCE: Piauiense descobre que moeda de sua coleção vale R$ 13 milhões.
180°, published in 04/03/2011
[http://180graus.com/geral/piauiense-
descobre-que-moeda-de-sua-colecao-vale-r-13-milhoes-501964.html]

Discovered - The first volcanic cave in Brazil

IMAGES: PARANAShop [look sources]

BRAZIL, Parana's state. It is a ancient scientific dogma: at Brazil - volcanoes do not exist for a long time, so long that there's no more traces of some of them that can have existed in the past.

But, now - in the nearby the city of Palmital, (state of Parana, southeast region of the country), a cave, the first cave that - in its origin was a volcano - was discovered (in February, 20 of 2012). Called Stone House, the cave was a volcano in an epoch determined in 130 millions of years ago. It is located there more than 800 meters in altitude relative to sea level.

The cave that is mainly - formed by basalt rock was - possibly, a volcanic conduit-type giant, hitherto - unknown in Brazil - explains the scholar of Geography, State University of the Midwest (Unicentro), Ricardo Geovane Calixto, a one of the responsible for scientific discovery.

The cave that is mainly - formed by basalt rock was - possibly, a volcanic conduit-type giant, hitherto - unknown in Brazil - explains the scholar of Geography of the State University of the Midwest (Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste - Unicentro), Ricardo Geovane Calixto, a one of the responsible for scientific discovery.

Geovane, along with the teachers of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC), Wellington Barbosa de Silva and Eliza do Belém Tratz, made ​​the speleological and geological reconnaissance of the area. They will start exploration in the coming days. For them, a discovery of this type of cave is a the beginning of a study on the origin of the formation of the called - Third Plateau of the Serra Geral (Serra = geological formation, something like Sierra or mountain range).

The volcanic caves, also known the lava tubes are formed during the eruption of volcanoes. After going through the surface - provoking the forming of rivers of lava - the exposure to the cooling in the surface of earth, results in the solidification of the lava,

By this way, appears a crust that will be becoming increasingly thicker, until the formation of a tunnel made of solid lava. To the extent that decreases the flow of liquid rock mass, the tunnel begins to stay with the configuration of a cavity , resulting in volcanic ducts.

The caves originate from geological processes That may involve a combination of chemical transformations, tectonic, biological and atmospheric. Due to the unique environmental conditions of the caves, this ecosystem has Specialized wildlife to live in dark and without vegetation

The owner of the farm where the "Stone House" cave is located, Basilio Burei, has discovered the geological formation - there 60 years ago, during a persecution of wild pigs. Since then proceeded to call the place of the Stone House.

Mr. Burei tells: "Back then you could see traces of fire inside the cave, trees and plants charred too". Basil, will cede the area to research. According to the Municipal Secretariat of Environment and Tourism of Palmital (Secretaria do Meio Ambiente e Turismo de Palmital), Miguel Burei Sobrinho, some photos of the cave were distributed in social networks and - since then, researchers from more than five states have shown interest in know the place.

This discovery represents a mark for the study of geology in the country and the insertion of Palmital's city in the Brazilian map of the geological science of the country, not only for Brazil's scientists but to foreign researchers too, said the secretary. He also informed that the city intends to partner with universities to increase the incentive for research and tourism in the region.

State Representative (deputy) Rasca Rodrigues (PV - Partido Verde, something like Green political party), requested in 2006 - during his tenure as State Secretary of Environment and Water Resources (Secretaria Meio Ambiente e Recursos Hídricos) - an official study of 260 registered caves in Paraná. The study was conducted by the Speleological Research Group of the State.

Still according Mr. Rasca: This is a heritage that must be preserved. This cave is a proof of Palmital that sustains the knowledge that our state has its geological formation consists of volcanic eruption. In the coming days we will go present a project of law to protect the Parana caves (all of them - the caves of the surface and the underground caves. A specialized company will map the region.

The Secretary adds: The study conducted in 2006 showed that many caves located near urban areas have been damaged by the lack of a conservation policy. If all the caves of Paraná were in the hands of people like Mr. Basil Burei, we would not have this preoccupation.

* NOTE OF the EDITOR OF THIS BLOG: The Secretary could have avoided the last observation. This is wrong. The council has - yes - the obligation of to care of this things, and not stay waiting the citizens, that pay taxes, to make the work of authorities of to preserve the historical and geological heritage of the country.

SOURCES:
Descoberta 1ª caverna originária de vulcão do país.
BEM PARANA, published in 02/03/2012
[http://www.bemparana.com.br/index.php?n=207639&t=descoberta-1-caverna-originaria-de-vulcao-do-pais-]
Primeira caverna originária de vulcão do país é descoberta no Paraná.
PARANAShop, published in 02/03/2012
[http://www.paranashop.com.br/colunas/colunas_n.php?id=33387&op=notas]
Translated by Lygia Cabus

New archaeological site discovered at the coast of Brazil

BRAZIL, Sao Paulo's state. At "Ilhabela", (Beautiful Island) - an archipelago and city situated 4 miles off the coast of São Paulo state in Brazil, the coodinator of the Projeto de Gestão e Diagnóstico do Patrimônio Arqueológico de Ilhabela (Project Management and Diagnosis of the Archaeological Heritage of Ilhabela - GEDAI), maintained by the Instituto Histórico, Geográfico e Arqueológico da the Secretaria Municipal de Cultura (History, Geography and Archaeology Institute of the Municipal Culture), the archaeologist Mrs. Cintia Bendazzoli discovered an impotant mortuary archaeological site. The excavation was done on an emergency basis because of the imminent destruction of the material.

The place that was named "Toca da Caveira" (something like Hole of Skull or "Skull Burrow") had human skeletal remains, and funerary accompaniments like clay pot and stone tool, revealing a complex Indigenous funerary ritual. At the same time another two more sites were identified how belonging to the pré-colonizations epoch, but these - still have not been subjected to more detailed research

According Mrs. Bendazolli, the laboratory work performed with the findings revealed that the discover is a collective tomb. There were found remains of at least five different individuals, four adults and a child, this should be about five years of age in the occasion of its death.

None of the skeletons was complete, and according to the research, the absence of many bone units can be resulted of previous interference or violation that can have occurred on the site or - even - something tipical of the funerary ritual practiced by natives.

What caught the attention of the archaeologist was that the collective burial does not appear to be related to the known occupation of the sambaquis indigenous (builders middens or "shell-mountains" builders) - what occurred in Ilhabela occurred around 2000 years ago.

Early research showed that the ritual took place at Skull Burrow was prepared by a potter of the indigenous tribe named Macro-Ge - in more recent times, but before contact with the colonizer.

The presence of ceramic Ge as part of funerary objects placed next to the skeletons, as well the evidences in the bones and teeth indicates that these people was - mainly potters and not fishers and collectors like were the sambaquis. The next step of the investigation will be to conduct carbon-14 dating, which can help elucidate the issues raised by the laboratory studies.

If after the studies if conclude that the founds are, in fact, of a more recent population of potters, this site may be considered a great find, not only for the city, but for the coast of São Paulo as a whole, since it did not exist, until then, evidences that the Macro-Ge indigenous nation, one time, occupied this area of the coast, and were able to practice techniques of navigation and that they arrived to such distances from the coast of São Paulo, says archaeologist.

Anyway, this new archaeological discovery comes to show that the island of Ilhabela was far from a land uninhabited before the conquest of the Portugueses. The large number of archaeological sites recorded by the GEDAI Project and the numerous studies that have following these findings point to an intense settlement of this region and the increasing need to protect this heritage.

SOURCE: Ilhabela: Arqueólogos encontram novo sítio na Ilha dos Búzios com inédita presença indígena
Agora Vale, published in 29/02/2012
[http://www.agoravale.com.br/agoravale/noticias.asp?id=35629&cod=1]

AMAZONAS 🌳🌳🌳 In danger of disappear: The rock engravings of the Madeira River

BRAZIL. At brazilian amazonian, when the level of waters the Madeira River low - in the dry season, is possible to see ancient drawings engraved in stone. The forms reveal geometric shapes or animals. These pictures may have been made for thousands of years by people who lived in the Amazon and of who little is known about their habits and lifestyle.

Photos: Michelle M. Tizuka/Santo Antonio Energia

There are five areas with extensive rock formations where these rock carvings appear. In the rainy season. near the city of Porto Velho (capital of Rondonia' state) the river hide the images. 

 Now, scholars of history, archaelogists and anthropologists are faced a serious problem: with the project of a dam on the river, the hydroelectric power plant of Santo Antonio, this important trace of human presence will be permanently submerged.

Thinking in this problem, the Santo Antonio Energy, responsible for the build of the plant, hired two companies specializing in archeology to preserve the memory these drawings. 

The companies are using 3D technology to scan the prints. The equipment that can record drawings with high precision and quality. In total, more than 2000 images were collected.

After make the digital record, the researchers will reconstruct the rock extensions on virtual models, so that the stones. By this way, the images will be studied in laboratory and associated with occupations of the archaeological sites located on the river region. 

With work, scientists will have conditions understand how these people lived and determine the age of the drawings. Some of them date back over 7000 years, according scholars.

The archaeological rescue is one of the constraints imposed by IBAMA (Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente - Brazilian Institute of Enviroment) for the build of the energy plant and to the begin of the operations. Meanwhile, the works for the preservation the archaeological patrimony is in course.

However, the project has received many critics. Santo Antonio, as well as the Jirau energy plant - also located on the Madeira River, are facing the charge that these kind of iniciative is one more factor that increase the deforestation of the Amazon. 

The government is also criticized for the lack of policies of population control,a problem that will results of the instalation of the new plants that, certainly, will generate serious social questions in the city of Porto Velho. Because, as we know, governments are always late. Let's meditate.

SOURCES

CALIXTO, Bruno. 

Pesquisadores registram gravuras rupestres do Rio Madeira.

Época, published in 29/02/2011
http://colunas.revistaepoca.globo.com/planeta/2012/02/29/pesquisadores-registram-gravuras-rupestres-do-rio-madeira/

The remains of a spanish ship: The most ancient shipwreck of Brazil

The stone plate found on the ship refers to the period in which Spain and Portugal formed one kingdom.
IMAGE: O Dia
[http://odia.ig.com.br/portal/brasil/naufr%C3%A1gio-de-navio-espanhol-em-santa-catarina-%C3%A9-o-mais-antigo-do-brasil-1.413711]

BRAZIL. Archaeologists and divers who discovered - in the coast of the state of Santa Catarina - fragments that were identified like part of a Spanish ship. The remains that are of a shipwreck occurred in 1583 are the oldest ever heard in Brazil. The first object was found - only recently, in 2005 when finally was possible to rescue some pieces to the surface.

After a new historical research, was proved that the ship is Spanish and was sunk in the 16th century, according sources of Efe press agency and the NGO Projeto Barra Sul and the University of Southern Santa Catarina (Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina - Unisul), responsible for the discovery.

The research revealed that parts of the ship obtained by the operation belonged to a fleet that sailed from Spain in 1581 with the aim to build two forts on the Straits of Magellan (Magalhaes strait) - natural passage between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans - to contain the spread of pirates British territories that threatened the possession of America. Historical documents allowed to determine the epoch of the accident on January 7, 1583.

Researchers said that even in April will be possible to remove all material deposited in a shoal - wich has of three meters in length and find the rest of the nave. Divers of the Projeto Barra Sul (Bar South Project), that work the coast of Santa Catarina - they discovered - so far, three another shipwrecks and all of them ocurred in the 16th century.

The first part rescued from of the ship is a stone plate that depicts the design of two lions and two castles and a portuguese symbol in the middle of the composition. This shield refers to the kingdoms of Castilla y Leon (Leão & Castela). It is a reference to the period of Iberian Union, when the kingdoms of Spain and Portugal were united between 1580 and 1640. For the archaeologists, the stone should have to be made to be placed at the entrance of a fortress.

Researchers also rescued a triangular plate, dated 1582, named after the then king of Spain, Felipe II. According to experts, the object would be an official symbol that the navigators and explorers did put in the new lands as a mark of the propriety in the territories. This served to say for possible invaders what european nation had been the first to arrive at the region and - for this, owner kingdom of the place according the laws.

In March, in new underwater expeditions, divers will attempt to retrieve a cannon, ceramics, stones ballast and bullets of different calibers. In the 16th century, the coast of Santa Catarina had not yet been colonized by Portugal and, really, was a different route from the Spanish expeditions conducted in 1525 by Rodrigo de Acuña, who left 17 of her crew on the island of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis (today, the capital of the state) a village that was founded later at the place.

The director of the project, Gabriel Correa said: This place was strategic but was also a critical, dangerous point. Here was located last port for the arrive to European navigators bound for Rio de la Plata and Strait of Magellan. However, was need much care to navigate on this waters because the seabed is rough, treacherous and full of banks shifting sands.

SOURCE: Naufrágio de navio espanhol em SC é o mais antigo do Brasil
Terra, published in 29/02/2012

[http://noticias.terra.com.br/ciencia/noticias/0,,OI5639092-EI8147,00 Naufragio+de+navio+espanhol+em+SC+e+o+mais+antigo+do+Brasil.html]

The case of the communion wafers consecrated with LSD

CAMPOBASSO-BOJANO, Italy. Sunday, 19 of 2012. In Campobasso, capital of the province of the same name (Campobasso province), in the Spirito Santo church - a bizarre incident caused a massive disruption during a mass in the moments following the procedure of holy communion, when the priest delivery the consecrated host (the communion wafer) to the believers (the faithfuls). According to the news there was something wrong with the small-bread of the Eucharist.

The effect was immediate. The church Spirito was taken by the chaos: someone claimed to have visions of saints, others took the crucifix. Two elderly women chased the priest and - having reached him, they grabbed his clothes screaming: You're the devil.

Later it was found that it was a case of "ergotism" which is a food poisoning caused by milled cereals contaminated ergot sclerotia, that is the basic principle of the LSD. Probably, the flour used to produce the communion wafers have been infected with this substance may cause hallucinations in less than one minute.

The priest, Dom Achille, who had been forced to take refuge in the sacristy, nothing more had to do: he called the police to evict the crazed persons from the church. The expulsion occurred with great difficulty to the officers.

However, the Archdiocese of Campobasso-Bojano through the Diocesan Office for Social Communications and the diocesan press office denies the occurrence and claims that the news is a hoax, invented. According to the Archdiocese the false report is a attempt to attack the credibility of the Catholic Church and condemned those responsible for the original publication of the case, the newspaper Abruzzo24ore (http://www.abruzzo24ore.tv/)

The representatives of the diocese declared - yet - that there isn't a church of the Santo Spirito em Campobaso-Bojano or a priest named Don Aquille. However, the Abruzzo newspaper continue to claim the veracity of the story.

NOTE: This editor does not know where the truth is however, a detailed search on Google did not find a single image of the Church of the Holy Spirit to which refers to the news although there are several churches in the province. This fact is enough strange and gives to the version of the Archdiocese of Campobasso-Bojan a strong chance of being true and the news of the ABRUZZO24ORE, appears to be false. After all, where were the mobile phones - always present in this post-modernity to record the episode? Furthermore, none of the articles was illustrated with a single image of such church. Millennial Wisdom: If something do not appears in Google, does not exist. Let's meditate

SOURCES
Campbasso:Ostie Allucinogene, Fedeli sotto LSD.
CADO IN PIETI, published in 23/02/2012
[http://www.cadoinpiedi.it/2012/02/23/campobasso_ostie_allucinogene_fedeli_sotto_lsd.html]
Ostie allucinogene: interviene anche l'Arcidiocesi di Campobasso-Bojano
ABRUZZO24ORE, published in 24/02/2012
[http://www.abruzzo24ore.tv/news/Ostie-allucinoggene-interviene-anche-l-Arcidiocesi-di-Campobasso-Bojano/72577.htm]

The Mystery of Isla Bermeja

An 1846 map showing "Isla Bermeja". [Wikipedia]

The Red Island (La Isla Bermeja or something like the Reddish island) was not much more than a rocky cliff located one hundred kilometers north of penísula de Yucatan, the Gulf of Mexico. Sailors and cartographers of the called Epoch of Great Navigations had the knowledge of its location. The Google Earth maps came to register their existence but, currently, exploratory expeditions have searched in vain by the mysterious island. The Isla Bermeja became a ghost Island.

GULF OF MEXICO. It was there. It always had been there!Was marked in the old maps of sixteenth century, in the years of 1500. Until recently appeared on Google Earth. But, now - disappeared. That piece of land surrounded by sea that belonged to Mexico, nowadays, is a U.S. property. And nobody knows what happened to La Isla Bermeja.

Polemic Treaty

The disappearance of Isla Bermeja began to attract attention at the end of last century, when Mexican President Ernesto Zedilo was negotiating with the President Bill Clinton a treaty on the delimitation of the continental shelf. Mexico was in diplomatic convesações, in the UN, to ensure control of the domain of La Hoya de la Dona(La Dona Bay) and the reference point of the Mexicans was the Isla Bermeja. But in 1997, it turned out, simply that there was no island in the place marked on maps.

Perplexed, the Mexican government appointed a military mission to locate the island. A Navy ship, the Onjuku - sailed to the latitude indicated on the mapsto confirm the existence of the island. But arriving on the scene, nothing was found and the sonars did not detect any sign of the rock formation.

On November 28, 2000, Zedilo and Clinton signed the agreement and the entire area now belongs to Americans. The estimatives are that that there is a reserve of about 22 billion barrels of oil that Mexico lost in the transaction.

Conspiracy

But the matter was not closed. Many began to talk of conspiracy. It was inexplicable the disappearance of the piece of land so often mentioned by sailors. The first historical mention dates back to 1570 and was still cited in official publications still in 1946. Some Mexican senators demanded an official investigation.

The most common suspected is that the CIA would have blasted the island with the connivance of Mexican negotiators. A technical and scientific inquiry concluded that there was no possibility of a natural phenomenon, like a sinking - a submersion.

The scientist Jaime Urruta,of the Geophysical Institute of the Autonomous University of Mexico suggested that a hydrogen bomb could have disintegrated the island. Still, he said, the hypothesis was unlikely. Other experts suggested that small islands may disappear by the action of erosion produced by sea waves.

In 2009, the universitary vessel Justo Sierra repeated the journey of the Onjuku. The conclusions were the same and detailed: in the place there is no trace of existence - in the past, of an island.

Although information and mapping of a great rock cliff in the middle of the sea was a thing of vital importance to the navigators of the time, now - the scientific conclusion is that nothing exist there, the sea in the region is described as a plain, eliminating the possibility of a submersion or even of a natural erosion. Thus, we determined that the Reddish Island never existed and the belief in its reality was just a mapping error perpetuated over the centuries

SOURCE: OLMO, Guilhermo D. El misterio de la Isla Bermeja: ¿nunca existió o la hundió la CIA?
ABC/Espanha, published in 22/02/2012
[http://www.abc.es/20120222/internacional/abci-misterio-isla-bermeja-201202211249.html]

The oldest engraving on rock of the Americas is discovered in Brazil

Photo: Neves WA, Araujo AGM, Bernardo DV, Kipnis R, Feathers JK

BRAZIL. Researchers at the University of Sao Paulo found a drawing of an anthropomorphic figure dating from 9000 to 12,000 years, and would therefore, according to scientists, this prehistoric figure is the oldest ever discovered in the Americas.

The study authors, led by researcher Walter Neves, said the discovery suggests that - at that time, the presence and development of man in South America was very different - not only restricted to people who made stone tools for subsistence, not only the neolithic tribes but also persons able to formulate symbolic thoughts.

The figure, which measures about fifteen inches wide by twenty long, was found in Lapa do Santo in the region of Lagoa Santa, state of Minas Gerais, southeast region of Brazil.

* Researchers identified the drawing like an anthropomorphic creature but - this does not mean that is a man. The traces resemble a somewhat animalistic creature, something like a reptile, for example.

SOURCE: Desenho rupestre mais antigo das Américas é descoberto no Brasil.
Ultimo segundo/IG, published in 22/02/2012
[http://ultimosegundo.ig.com.br/ciencia/desenho-rupestre-mais-antigo-das-americas-e-descoberto-no-brasil/n1597648406315.html]

The Tomb of St. Philip

Tomb of the Christian apostle St. Philip, erected in Hierapolis,
Turkey's interior. The construction is located in a Byzantine church.

TURKEY | ITALY. Lecce (province and city). For more than two thousand years, the location of the tomb of the apostle Philip in Turkey was only a legendary tradition. Now, it is a fact proven by archaeologists from the University of Salento. The finding is the result of a long process of historical research. In the Turkish city of Hierapolis, on the slopes of the mountains that rise up near the village of Pamukkale - Turkey the tomb of Philip, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus Christ, martyred in 80 AD was found.

The archaeological expedition led by Professor Francesco D'Andria confirmed the authenticity of the monument located in the ruins of a fifth century Byzantine church that was built to house the tomb. The excavations were conducted by an international team formed by Italians, Germans, French and Norwegian. The same location, was scenery of the apostle's death.

According the director of graduate studies in archeology at the University of Salento (Ateneo Salentino) geophysical technologies were used to identify certain cavities in the structure of the church. It was found that a second and unknown church, had been built around a Roman tomb of the first century. Several factors allowed us to identify this second church that - by the traditional knowledge, housed the tomb of the apostle. [trans. Lygia Cabus]

SOURCE: Spedizione archeologica, i leccesi confermano: "la tomba è dell'apostolo"
lecce Prima, published IN 06/02/2012
[http://www.lecceprima.it/cronaca/tomba-san-filippo-turchia-6-febbraio-2012.html]

The amazonian spiders and its giant webs

BRAZIL. Amazonas state. Amazonas state. In the city of Iranduba, metropolitan region of Manaus (state's capital) - the trees are periodically covered by cobwebs of the anelosimus - specie nearby the family of the 'black widows'.

In some cases the entire canopy of a tree is taken by this tissue produced by this spiders. Every three months, the locals clean the trees but the colony begins to produce the webs again.

A researcher at the National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), said that the phenomenon is unusual, since spiders tend to live alone. She also said that there is no need to worry about poison because its effects only affect insects.

SOURCE: Aranhas constroem teias gigantes no Amazonas
O Dia, published IN 09/02/2012
[http://odia.ig.com.br/portal/cienciaesaude/aranhas-constroem-teias-gigantes-no-amazonas-1.404869]

Amazonian Stonehenge

BRAZIL. Amapa state. In Calcolene, a small city located to 390 km of Macapa, capital of the Amapa state - north region of Brazil, on the banks of the igarapé* Rego Grande, a set of strange stones, with no doubt work of human hands is considered the amazonian Stonehenge. The archaeological site has been studied since 2005. The structure that resemble the british cycle is composed by large pieces of worked granite and has around 30 meters of diameter.

* IGARAPÉ: 'arm' ou course of water originated from a river which extends into the earth, like a creek.

According researchers, the place was used by indigenous populations that inhabited the region by 1,100 years ago for the realization of rituals . Some of this cerimonies - were performed in the epoch of the summer solstice, when the position of the stones blocks allowed the observation the course of the sun..

The researcher of the Instituto de Pesquisas Cientificas e Tecnológicas do Amapá (Iepa - Institute of Scientific and Technological Searches), João Saldanha that date was special for natives. He explains: It is a period marked by the rains, changing completely the landscape providing the harvest and collect food in abundance. Saldanha still tells that the place was used like a cemitery too, the last rest for important personalities of the tribes. Other minor monuments that were found there - are tombs of other persons, being these - less importants.

The place stood forgotten for many years. Only in 2005 it returned to attract the interest of the government. Since then, numerous pottery objects - were discovered. Similar objects were found in other nearby places like at the Amapa state (Brazil) and Guiana Francesa (French Guyana). The theory of researchers is that the violence of the European invaders, in century 16, provoked the exit of these tribes in search of refuge in other areas, less accessible to the invaders.

SOURCE: Sítio arqueológico “Stonehenge amazônica” é estudado no Amapá
Portal Amazônia, published in 31/12/2011
[http://www.portalamazonia.com.br/editoria/ciencia-e-tecnologia/sitio-arqueologico-%E2%80%9Cstonehenge-amazonica%E2%80%9D-e-estudado-no-amapa/]

Nibiru : A Cosmic Threat, a cosmic fate

This video was posted in YouTube in 31, july of 2011. The images show the 'two suns' phenomenon - in all the world. Beteween the sequences, texts of Nostradamus prophecies, in two languages: spanish and english.

On the last two years, images of the sunset where, nearby the king star, on its left or on its right appears a second luminous body smaller in its dimensions but very bright e visible became more often. The phenomenon has been called 'the two suns'.

The official reports, of Nasa about the matter, (however) minimize the occurrences and explain the 'second sun' like being a simple like a flash of light ephemeral, without importance, delayed perception of the explosion of a red supergiant star named Betlegeuse. The explosion would had occurred over around 590 years ago. Other academic scientists consulted, do not give to the apparition nor even the status of something real, would be just an optical illusion, a reflection of the Sun produced by certain meteorological conditions.

Nevertheless, for many scholars of the 'marginal science' like ufology, exobiology, anthropology, extraterrestrial achaeological - by example - this second sun is Nibiru, the mysterious planet apocalyptic - to which some specialists refer in the context of ancient history of Mesopotamia - to which some specialists refer in the context of ancient history of Mesopotamia.

Specialists like the philologist in arcanes scriptures and dead languages, Zecharia Sitchin (wrote numerous books about this theme) who decoded the cuneiform, claims to have found accounts of the transit of Nibiru planet,a celestial body that, transiting in an orbit situated between Mars and Venus, approaches Earth in cicles of 3,600 years causing, by the interference of its gravitacional field in the solar system, the emergence of great natural catastrophes able to exterminate Mankinds - entire civilizations

In their coded language, antiquity's occultists, civilization priests and wise men along the epochs, in their scriptures, they named planets, to all heavenly bodies - both those endowed with light Herself as the bodies devoid of light. Thus, the Sun and even the moon, the Earth satellite, are included in the list of 'planets' of ancient astrology. The picture shows, according to this esoteric tradition - the relative position of Nibiru, the called 'twelfth planet' by Z. Sitchin

Skeptics argue that the "factor Nibiru" is a reality, someone, in some official level of information would have given the alarm. However, an alarm would be useless because an event of this magnitude is something that is totally beyond the control of any governmental authority of the planeta and these cases, it is known that the common rule is "let's avoid spreading panic" - an attitude that is not without sense, since there is nothing to do but wait for the final collapse.

It makes no difference die screaming by terror with advance, or quiet, without voice, astonished by the unexpected. Indeed, unofficial alarms are published in newspapers around the world but they are discredited - immediately - by the official agencies of astronomy, like NASA and other space agencies have done.

The Nibiru cited by the ancient Mesopotamians would have, for example, the cause of disappearance of Atlantean civilization - identified by esoterism as the 'Fourth Humanity' that dominated this planet before the actual. Literature about the mysteries of Anthropogenesis also attributes to aliens from Nibiru the creation, through genetic manipulation, of the first human race ( in opposition to ethereal), even older than the Atlantean Race, the primitives lemurians - hybrids, reptile-mammal, because the inhabitants of Nibiru are the famous reptilians of the literary fiction and popular film.

Nibiru - is also called Planet X, Red Planet and even as the 'The Planet of Purgation' or of the purification of Earth Mankinds (*), according to some lines of thought Spiritist because it is described as a giant celestial body and almost invisible in its insidious process of rapprochement. When it becomes visible, is a sign that the end of a time is near. Let's meditate - and ... try avoid panic.

(*) Some spiritists call - Nibiru - with the inelegant expression "hickey Planet" because its transcendental mission is, periodically - collect the disembodied spirits in catastrophes, spirits that have not evolved enough to be part of a New Era of Humanity, a renewed humanity and better than the current, also called the Sixth Human Race, because this - the current, would be the Fifth Human Race. These ideas are exposed in a wide esoteric literature, like Anthropogenesis by HP Blavatsky or the spiritist," Exilados de Capela" (Exiles Chapel).

Translation and additional text: Lygia Cabus

SOURCES:
Estarían ocultando la aproximación de Nibiru, que ya es visibleEl Intransigente, published in 02/02/2012

[http://www.elintransigente.com/notas/2012/2/2/nasa-estarian-ocultando-aproximacion-nibiru-visible-121108.asp]
Conocé qué pasaría si el que se está acercando es Nibiru
El Intrasigente, published in 02/02/2012
[http://www.elintransigente.com/notas/2012/2/2/conoce-pasaria-acercando-nibiru-121123.asp]

Unprecedented photographs of amazonian natives are publicized

More photos: [http://noticias.uol.com.br/ultnot/cienciaesaude/ultimas-noticias/2012/01/31/ong-divulga-fotos-ineditas-de-tribo-isolada-na-amazonia-do-peru.jhtm]

PERU. The (non-governmental organization) NGO Survival International publicized unprecedented photographs oround of 100 tribes isolated of the world, like the Mascho-Piro, a indigenous nation that lives in the Parque Nacional de Manú (Manú National Park), on the peruvian amazonia, south east of Peru.

These photos are the more detailed and nearby to the tribe whose sighting is occuring, each time more often in the Park. Manybelieve that the deforestation makes that they leave their natural habitat.

The contact with these tribes can be dangerous. Recently, at the Manú Park - an indigene acculturated, a man, Nicolás Shaco Flores was killed by a arrow of a native belonging to an isolated tribe. During the last 20 years, Flores did put, in marked places of the forest, food and gifts for a small group of the Mashco-Piro. Access to tourists at the site was closed after videos show they were offering clothes for the Indians on the banks of rivers.

FONTE: ONG divulga fotos inéditas de tribo isolada na Amazônia do Peru
UOL Notícias, published in 31/01/2012
[http://noticias.uol.com.br/ultnot/cienciaesaude/ultimas-noticias/2012/01/31/ong-divulga-fotos-ineditas-de-tribo-isolada-na-amazonia-do-peru.jhtm]

The sons of the Sun

CHINA. The video from China was posted in YouTube in january, 31 of 2012. In the footage four little bright spheres appear beside the Sun. Although stranger or even something apocalyptic (as a metaphor for Christ and the four horsemen of the end times), the phenomenon already has its scientific explanation. It would be an optical effect (as always), an illusion called Parahelio, solar reflections - produced by the combination of certain atmospheric conditions.

According Master Wiki...pedia: the Parahelios are spots of colored light. They are seen on the left and right of the Sun at a distance of approximately 22 ° between them - and can occur anywhere in the world and at any season (in this Chinese video, it was winter). The spheres are not always visible or as bright as in this case and the best times to observe the phenomenon are at dusk or at dawn, when the sun is low on the horizon.

SOURCE: Extraño efecto: 5 soles en el firmamento
IN Urgente24, publicado em 31/01/2012
[http://urgente24.com/areax/2012/01/extrano-efecto-5-soles-en-el-firmamento/]

Solar mystery at Argentina sky

SALTA/Argentina. January, 28 of 2012. Around 11:30 pm, in the city of Metán, province of Salta - Argentina, a strange phenomenon ocurred at the sky calling the attention of the area residents. A citizen, Pablo Navarro filmed the happening that was more than a simple formation of solar halo. Look you self..

SOURCE: Misterioso fenómeno en los cielos de Metán
IN El Intransigente, publicado em 29/01/2012
[http://www.elintransigente.com/notas/2012/1/29/misterioso-fenomeno-cielos-metan-video-120801.asp]

The small mummy alien of Peru

PERU. November, 2011. In South America, newspapers published in their headlines: Descubren momia con características no humanas en la ciudad peruana de Cusco (Discovery mummy with not-human characteristics in the Peruvian city of Cusco IN Tribuna Latina); and - Cusco: estudian osamenta de momia con características "no humanas" (IN La Republica).

The news were about the of two small mummies discovered in the district of Andahuaylillas, Quispicanchi province, Cuzco region [or Cuzco], Peru. It happened two years ago. The mummies were in a "Apu", that is a mountain sacred belonging to a deity, at a place located more than two thousand meters above sea level. In this case, the mountain, a domain of the god Viracocha, is scenery of frequent UFO sightings.

Recently, the finding was publicized to the press by the director of the museu Ritos Andinos (Andean Rites Museum), Renato Davila Riquelme which, on occasion - described one of the mummies as having characteristics of non-human. He said that: The bones of the ribs and lower limbs are very thin, delicate. It (one of the mummies) has an opening at the top of the forehead and the molars are of an adult

A spanish doctor and two russian scientists* examined the mummy and they observed that 'it is not a human being.' A definitive proof or at least, significant, would be a DNA analysis of mummified remains. * (Mrs. Andrianova and Mrs. Popova)

The other specimen is even smaller and strange, with only 30 cm in length and features similar to first mummy. However, this other has no face and his body is covered by a thin membrane similar to a placenta.

SOURCES
Perú: Científicos confirman que momia hallada es de extraterrestres
In El Tiempo,/Bolivia, published in 26/01/2012.
[http://www.eltiempo.com/blogs/alternativa_extraterrestre/2012/01/peru-cientificos-confirman-que.php]
Descubren momia con características no humanas en la ciudad peruana de Cusco
IN Tribuna Latina, published in 17/11/2011
[http://www.tribunalatina.com/es/notices/descubren_momia_con_caracteristicas_no_humanas_en_la_ciudad_peruana_de_cusco_33065.php]
Cusco: estudian osamenta de momia con características "no humanas"
IN La Republica, published in 18/11/2011
[http://www.larepublica.pe/18-11-2011/cusco-estudian-osamenta-de-momia-con-caracteristicas-no-humanas]
‘Apreciación sobre momia fue superficial’
IN Peru21, publicado em 17/11/2011
[http://peru21.pe/noticia/1335186/experto-se-corrige-sobre-momiano-humana]

Brazil: Apparition. An Angel in a Church?

Photo legend: Phenomenon. Angel appears in
photograph made in evangelical church in Maringa

At Maringá city, Paraná state - Brazil - in a evangelical Pentecostal Christian church named "Igreja Batista Renovada Missão da Fé" - a shining body appeared during the sermon of the pastor Oséias Miranda. The fact happened in november, 7 of 2011 and only was publicized few days ago. The apparition was photographed by the camera of the cellular phone of a believer.

Other similar cases have been reported between religious evangelical Christians, but without repercussions in the media. However, in this case, the senior pastor of the "Igreja Batista Renovada" (Renewed Baptist Church), Apostle Celso Santos - decided to speak directly with reporters and released the photo to the public knowledge. Acording him, in this case, the person who obtained - or took - the photograph has no interest in any kind of mystification.

Acording him, in this case, the person who obtained - or shotted - the photograph has no interest in any kind of mystification. Moreover, in that day and in the days following to the event there were numerous miraculous healings in the church - without people knowing what had happened.

SOURCE: Anjo aparece em foto feita dentro de Igreja Evangélica de Maringá.
IN O Diário/Maringá, published in 15/01/2011
[http://www.odiario.com/blogs/inforgospel/2012/01/15/anjo-aparece-em-foto-feita-dentro-de-igreja-evangelica-de-maringa-confira/]

Brazil: Extraterrestrial signals at Paraiba hinterland

You can see the marks on the video

PARAIBA (state, Brazil) - At a place called Lagoa do Forno, on the rural zone of the city of Souza, hinterland of the Paraiba state - the paleontologist Luiz Carlos da Silva Gomes, that was in the local looking for dinosaurs steps, common ocurrence on the rocks of the region, found another thing. A strange thing. He encountered marks unexpected and astonishing that not belong to those great jurassic animals.

The marks on the soil are very diferent of dinossaurs footprints. They seem more with trails or, still - signals left there by some devices that were impossible to exist on the epoch when probaly they were made, around 120 millions of years ago, according the dating of the discovery.

Despite the region - that circulates the city of Souza - be one of the more important sites of paleontological research of Brazil, where are recorded the more numerous incidences of dinosaurs footprints, without doubt, these new discoveries are not of this type, said Silva Gomes.

Front to this mystery the researcher ponders that the marks could have been produced by the presence of aliens in very much remote times. Maybe, extraterrestrial beings. To investigated the matter will be need the colaborative presence of experts Ufologists.

SOURCE: Alienígenas? Pesquisador encontra Rastros Misteriosos em rochas em Sousa
Folha do Sertão, published In 26/01/2012
[http://www.folhadosertao.com.br/portal/noticia.php?page=noticiaCompleta&id_noticia=5071]

Strange blue eyes of a chinese boy

CHINA. His name is Nong Youhui. He can see on darkness. His eyes shine in obscurity - like the eyes of a cat and emit a blue-green light when exposed to a lantern focus, for example. This uncommon anomaly - has puzzled the doctors. The child was born with blue eyes, a rare condition among chineses. Is true that there are chineses with blue eyes in Liquian, in the central region of the country. They belong to a lineage of roman descendents - according researchers of the matter. This is not the case.

His father tells that when Nong Youhui was a baby the doctors assured that the eyes will turn black like the eyes of the others chineses. However, it's not happend. The case has been studied for years without answer. The genetic hypothesis, according to the usual tests, has been discarded. Meanwhile, some people hinted that the boy may be an alien hybrid.

RELATED LINKS

02/02/2007. Roman descendants found in China?
[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1541421/Roman-descendants-found-in-China.html]

23/11/2010. Chinese villagers 'descended from Roman soldiers'
[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/8154490/Chinese-villagers-descended-from-Roman-soldiers.html]

VIDEO: Alien Hybrid Or Starchild Discovered In China?
IN [http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=Xfs0R-7cS_s]

SOURCE: Menino chinês tem olhos que brilham no escuro
IN TVNET/Pt, published in 24/01/201

[http://tvnet.sapo.pt/noticias/detalhes.php?id=70541]

The secrets of ancient Amazonia

18th century engraving shows the different tribes that inhabited South America. Getty Images

AMAZONIA. New archaeological studies about the Amazon has been changing the traditional idea of a virgin forest practically uninhabited in the pre-colombian times. Recent discoveries reveal a region that could been occupied for more than 20 millions of persons; indigenous, it is assumed. They lived in highly populated villages near of rivers Tapajos, Madeira and Solimoes, for example.

However, the scenery was much diferent of the mythological Eldorado of the legends. According the researcher of the Universidade Federal do Amazonas (Amazon Federal University), Helena Lima: What we know, today, is that these populations were numerous and they had technical practices much more advanced than the primitivism that we imagined until recently.

The coordinator of the Central Amazônia project, who works in the Museu de Arqueologia e Antropologia da USP (Archaeologic and Anthropologic Museum, São Paulo University), Eduardo Neves, belives that around 5,5 million of persons lived in certain areas of the pre colombian Amazon where there were a great variation of languages and political organizations in their many villages.

The researcher of the Anthropology Department of at the University of Florida, Michael Heckenberger, studying areas of the Alto Xingu (Upper Xingu) made an estimated that 50,000 indigenous lived in an area of ​​20 square kilometers. He says: This consists of a larger population that we find in many countries of Europe today.

According the studies, the villages of the Alto Xingu was 10 or 15 times majors than that exist actually in the region. They were organized a central and circular square surrounded by tabas (huts). These huts were builded in a perfect ring along the periphery of the square, were surrounded by ditches to 2 km in length. Heckenberger still says that in the Alto Xingu, where today there is a village, there were 12.

Professor at University of Florida, Colombian researcher Augusto Oyuela-Caycedo, adds that in other regions of the Amazon, the settings were different, with linears villages, in front of the rivers. Regarding the organization, the communities were not exactly as tribes. They were more like societies in its infancy. Archaeological evidence indicates a state of expansion.

Handling of soil

One of the proofs of the existence of these bigger villages and their development on the first steps of a civilization process is the black soil. Oyuela explains: For many years it was thought that the black soil was the result of natural phenomena such as volcanic ash. The resistance to the idea that the black earth was resulted by human work came from a theory that the Amazon was largely an inhospitable place to the development of complex societies with large villages.

But the new discoveries have shown that there was the use of organic matter and coal burned at high temperatures to improve the quality of the Amazonian soil. The plantations were made in small amounts of land - spaces that were opened in the middle by large tracts of forests. Oyuela found black soil in the Alto Amazon (Upper Amazon), in 2005, near the city of Iquitos. The region, called Quistococha was a large village which occupied up to 20 hectares dated around the years 900 AD.

In regions such as the high river Madeira is found black soil dated from four thousand years. In the middle Amazon River were found pottery and evidence of agricultural occupations with over two thousand years and traces of nomadic culture of eight thousand years ago.

SOURCE: Nova teoria afirma que Amazônia pré-colombiana foi populosa.

IN Ultimo Segundo/IG, published in 20/09/2011
[http://ultimosegundo.ig.com.br/ciencia/nova+teoria+afirma+que+amazonia+precolombiana+foi+populosa/n1237780376244.html]

Italy: Chemical snow is terrorizing citizens

ITALY. Snow without clouds. Chemical snow! This strange phenomenon that has occupied in headlines of italian newspapers is terrorizing citizens of Piedmont and Lombardy. How ever, when nothing more can to be done, authorities say that there isn't motive for panic and and the situation is under control. Experts explain: the phenomenon observed in the last days (in january, 2012) is due to the arrival of cold air masses from the Arctic that reach the Pó Valey (river Pó), one of the most polluted regions of the world.

Some other scientists agree that the chemical snow isn't prejudicial for humans, animals or enviroment but, at the same time, warn thatpersons should not to ingest the substance, a greater risk to children that play on the streets and are handling this snow inadvertently. They add: the persons should avoid the contact the snow in parts of the body such as eyes and mouth. (After this warning, I would avoid to put nose out of the home).

This type of phenomenon is a combination of the fog (water vapor condensed) in cold temperatures, negative temperatures - mixed with polluted dust and other industrial waste in the atmosphere what are common in urban centers (very polluted sites) as in northern Italy. This snow, that is not really a snow - has been covering the landscape of the region. One more time, it's hour of return to read the books of the ancient prophets. Us meditate...

SOURCE: Neve chimica: ultime notizie pericolo. IMAGE: [www.meteoforum.com]
[+] IMAGES: [http://www.meteogiornale.it/notizia/22313-1-pianura-padana-grande-gelo-fra-galaverna-e-neve-chimica]
DOTTOR SALUTE, published em 19/01/2012.
IN [http://www.dottorsalute.info/2012/01/19/neve-chimica-ultime-notizie-pericolo/]