The Eternal Lamp & The Windmills

USA/WORLD. The most famous lamp of the world is installed in a firefighters station in Livermore, California. Is alight to 111 years. Uninterruptedly. Its power is 60 watts but currently uses just over 6% of that potence. It is an object that arouses the curiosity of scientists for an obvious reason: their longevity in operation.

With over a century old, this lamp appears in Guinness Book of Records, and - now - has been studied by a Spanish businessman of Cordova, Benito Muros. This man intends to design a lamp with the capacity to work forever.

The eternal lamp will be underpinned by the concept of obsolescence "un-planned" It means that the product is projected to not break, to do not suffer a colapse after a calculated time. Mr. Muros explained that the eternal lamp is of organic nature, not generate waste and can to save more than 92% in the electricity bills.

However, when speaks of the eternity of the lamp, Mr. Muros is using hyperbole. But, he ensures that, if successful, your lamp will can work during a life; 100 years without problems - counting on a wiring adequate and well maintained. The secret of this durability is to use iron with low carbon content.

Mr. Muros said that the conductors of current lamps are made of iron that have high carbon the carbon, with time, suffers microruptures causing the fatal failure of the device. He comments: Many manufacturers claim that their bulbs can last 1.000, 1.5000 or 2.000 hours, but no one is controlling the time to confirm these claims. In fact, many times, a conventional lamp burning in the same hour in which it is installed.

Mr. Muros already has a line of lamps "eternal" for domestic use and public. One of these lamps for domestic use has a potence of 60 watts but consumes only 6 watts. The cost, that can still considered high, is 26 euros. But the durability worth the price. For while, the lamps are handcrafted and the manufacturer guarantees that your product has no competitor similar throughout the world.

The inventor is essentially against so-called programmed obsolescence. He says: Today, many industries [by obvious interest] create their products with planned obsolescence. Objects are programmed to become useless after a certain time. We want to encourage other manufacturers to abolish this policy. Much of the current economy is based on this policy that compels people to buy electric and electronic products because they break, inevitably, after some time. [I will permit to me a comment: evidently, Mr. Muros discovered gunpowder!]

THE EXHAUSTING CULTURE OF THE CONTINUOUS UPGRADE

The idea is not new. The propaganda that spreads the idea that a product has become obsolete even before it be broken, that the consumer needs a more modern model of a new object, this ideology - feeds, for over two centuries, the economy of the mass consumption of all kinds of goods. Mr. Muros has good intentions but, as Don Quixote of Cervantes, his battle has everything to be inglorious. He fights a world of windmills and windmills are insensitive.

Humans, individuals, by contrast, are sensitive. They are sensitive - even too much - to the appeals of the adverts: the a launch of car the year, new "generations" of computers, mobile phones, the fashions invented of all genres. Many advertising messages - reach the extreme of cruelty, seeking to make the citizen feel ridiculous or minor, if he or she can not buy this or that newly released product.

The desire for novelty, even if only a new look on something old, comes to the extreme distress of compulsion. There are people so impressionable, so impressionable that they are able to transgress the bounds of legality, committing crimes to get the things that are advertised in the media as news, many of them simply unnecessary, dispensable.

The planned obsolescence reaches up human creatures: it is necessary to buy a new body, a new face because men or a women could be considered obsolete beings - too; objects destinated to the garbage, to the attics of societies. It is the delusion of postmodernity. A mental illness called consumerism.

SOURCE: DE JORGE, J. Un español inventa una bombilla que dura toda la vida
ABC/Es, published em 16.03/2012
[http://www.abc.es/20120316/ciencia/abci-espanol-inventa-bombilla-dura-201203161432.html]
Supplementary text: Lygia Cabus

Archaeologists unveil the Naylamp's legend

In the tomb, located in the complex-Chotuna Chornancap, were
found 120 objects including ornaments made of gold, silver and
copper. Archaeologists believe the remains belong to Cetemi,
thewife of Naylamp - the mythical hero of a pre-Columbian nation
of Peru. MORE PHOTOS: RPP

RELATED LINKS
Peru rewrites history books once more with ancient archaeological find
Naylamp’s temple discovered in Lambayeque.
The Legend of Naylamp

PERU. In October, last year (2011), archaeologists from the National Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology "Enrique Bruning" (Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Antropología) of the region Lambayeque made ​​an extraordinary discovery. They found a grave with 120 objects, including ornaments and emblems made ​​of gold, silver and copper as well as 116 pieces of pottery.

In principle, the scientists did think that they had found only one more of the leaders of the Lambayeque culture, which according to oral tradition was founded by the legendary Naylamp, but after excavations patients were surprised to perceive that the remains were not of a man but of a woman.

Then, they remembered that, according to oral tradition, the Huaca Chornancap was dedicated to the wife of Naylamp, Cetemy. Now, many already assume that the found may belong to this legendary woman.

However, archaeologists are cautious. They want to investigate further to give a definitive opinion. They expect to complete the laboratory testing. If confirmed the age of the remains, it means that the bones have about 1.250 years, which reinforces the theory of identity Cetemi.

In this case, is necessary a review of the conceptual approach of Lambayeque culture. Until then, it was considered that at that time and in the midst of this people, only the men that exercised political and religious powers received the funeral honors consistent, in function - with the importance of social position they occupied.

But the finding of a woman buried with the pomp of a queen, along with valuables, can demonstrate that the feminine sex could posses more social relevance than was previously supposed.

THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL COMPLEX
OF THE CHOTUNA - CHORNANCAP

The Huaca* de Chomancap is located 10 km west of Lambayeque**. It is a platform made of mud bricks. It has 70 meters long, 50 wide, 25 tall and is surrounded by 21 acres of building infrastructure that would have been audience saloons, warehouses, workshops, homes and cemeteries.

Archaeologists, on the basis of popular traditions and previous evidence, they say that in this place, called Huaca, is located the Palace of Cetemi. With base in this information, is assumed that her tomb could be there. The identification of body found will can - finally - confirm the legend which thus becomes part of the history.

* HUACA. Sacred place in the pre-colombian peruvian culture

** LAMBAYEQUE. Yampellec or Lampalliqi. One of the 24 departments of
Peru located northwest of the country. Includes coastal and Andean regions.

SOURCE: CABREJOS, Juan. Arqueólogos lambayecanos tras los pasos de la esposa de Naylamp.

RPP, published in 16/03/2012
[http://www.rpp.com.pe/2012-03-16-arqueologos-lambayecanos-tras-los-pasos-de-la-esposa-de-naylamp-noticia_461966.html]

Columbus, The portuguese Spy

Posthumous portrait of Christopher Columbus by Sebastiano del Piombo, 1519

HISTORY. According to academic history - the Americas, especially the lands of Central America and North America, were discovered (or rediscovered) by the Italian navigator Christopher Columbus (1451? -1506). The biography of Columbus has always been mysterious. Although - generally considered to be Italian, born in Genoa this information has always been questioned.

Recently, researchers that investigate the life of the sailor claim to have discovered the true identity and the real historical role of the man who became known as Christopher Columbus. José and Antonio Mattos e Silva (engineers, and like appear, brothers) - according to these scholars, Columbus was not born in Genoa in Italy but in Portugal around the year 1450, a village in the Alentejo - south-central region of the country - called Cuba.

His real name would have been Sancho Anes da Silva - son of the "Infanta"* Leonor of Portugal - future empress of the sacred Roman Empire and Dom João da Silva Meneses (future Blessed or pious Amadeus)

According to official history, Columbus had his project of to navigate to the West - in search of an alternative sea route to India - rejected the Portuguese monarch of the epoch, Dom João II. The idea was welcomed by the Spanish kings, called the Catholic Kings, Ferdinand and Isabella (Fernando e Isabel). However, the hypotesis is that during all the time in that he had stood dedicated to realize your adventure, Columbus was - in truth - in the service of the Portuguese kingdom, as a spy.

In their conference (realized at Columbus House - Casa de Colombo), in the freguesia** (parish) of Vale do Paraiso (Paradise Valley, a village of Azambuja***), the researchers Mattos e Silva said that - finally, the true identity of Columbus was discovered and revealed that his voyage - in particular, his return to Europe, included the passage unofficial in Portuguese lands before his arrival at the port of Palos, Spain.

The return journey began on January 3, 1493. The logbook (daily of board) omitted a passage in the Azores islands but in any case would have the excuse of a change of course caused by a storm. However, the deviation was beyond and Columbus, without motivation justified, arrived in Lisbon - in March of 1493.

There would have happened their secret meeting with (the potuguese king) Dom João II in Vale do Paraiso (the same place where researchers presented their theory). In addition, he visited his mother, Dona Leonor - that - at the time, was in the Convent of St. Anthony Chestnut, in Vila Franca de Xira.

There - would have happened their secret meeting with (the portuguese king) Dom João II in Vale do Paraiso (the same place where researchers presented their theory). In addition, he visited his mother, Dona Leonor - that - at the time, was in the Santo António da Castanheira Convent (Convent of St. Anthony Chestnut), in Vila Franca de Xira. Only after these interviews, resumed their destination to Spain.

The passage by Portugal and the meeting with the monarch are - indeed - something of suspect. For researchers, Columbus reported his findings to the king Portuguese before doing the same with the Spanish kings. Ensuring thereby, the economic and political advantage to Portugal, acting as a spy

The aim was to influence the decisions of the (Bula Papal) Papal Bull Inter Coetera, promulgated by Pope Alexander VI that - by the regulamentation of the possession of newly discovered lands in the West, would be favorable to the interests of Portugal as regards the specification of the landmarks of the territory.

The Papal Bull was published on May 3, 1493, before of Vatican know the outcome of the voyage of the browser "Genoese". Later, Portugal got an even better agreement with the signing of the Treaty of Tordesillas (Tratado de Tordesilhas).

* INFANTA. Title attributed the daughters of the kings of Portugal and Spain
** FREGUESIA. Something like a parish, an administrative division related to the management in the religious, ecclesiastical, its English equivalent is the county or parishes)
*** AZAMBUJA. Town, city of the district of Lisbon - and district, something like to a state of a federation.

SOURCE: Cristóvão Colombo ou o espião ao serviço de Portugal que passou por Vale do Paraíso.
Mirante/Pt, published in 16/03/2012
[http://www.omirante.pt/noticia.asp?idEdicao=54&id=50399&idSeccao=422&Action=noticia]

The Morning Glory Cloud of Uruguay

URUGUAY. A photograph taken on the coast of Uruguay captures the beauty of an elongated tubular cloud (cloud roll in English). The phenomenon that is known as "tubular" or familiar arcus, are formed at low altitudes.

The cold air - that stay concentred on a down level of the atmosphere - this mass, passing by a condensation process - that results of a confront with another chain of hot air - suffer this kind of transformation - in its shape. The mass of air became a long, curve and horizontal line, a tube.

The image of this cloud was taken by Captain Andreas M. Cervo Wurff on the way to Paranagua, Brazil, Montevideo, capital of Uruguay. One of the famous places where is possible to observe these clouds is Quennsland, Australia, where they are called the clouds of the "morning glory".

SOURCE: Uma nuvem tubular impressiona pela sua extensão e tamanho
Rondonia Ao Vivo, published in 14/03/2012
[http://www.rondoniaovivo.com/noticias/estranha-natureza-uma-nuvem-tubular-impressiona-pela-sua-extensao-e-tamanho/85644]

The mysterious civilization of the Peruvian Amazon (more informations)

According to archaeologist Quirino Olivera Núñez:
This civilization had knowledge of geometry,
developed a social organization elaborated enough
to coordinate collective public works.
See + photos of the archeological in the RPP website

PERUVIAN AMAZON. For over two Centuries of archaeological science, the existence of some kind of advanced civilization - Non-Neolithic - in the Amazon region was ignored and - even - rejected. However, the recent discovery of an archaeological site with unique features in the Peruvian jungle requires a complete review by the researchers. The idea of an untouched ​​forest that has always been Inhabited only by primitive tribes incapable of any more elaborate work, can not more be sustained.

There some time, deforested areas of northern Latin America, especially in the Brazilian state of Acre, began to reveal drawn geometric formations traced in soil : the geoglyphs. But that was not enough to advance the discovery of truth. Recently, step forward changed - in definite - the idea of a virgin amazonian jungle.

Archaeologists found the structure of a temple has 3.200 years of age with a configuration that reveals the remote existence of an ancient nation - people who had lived there and had a knowledge far beyond what was observed among the indigenous primitive, simple hunters and gatherers.

The archaeological site is broad: it includes four provinces of the Amazon region: Bagua, Utcubamba, San Ignacio and Jaen. Reaches the territory of two countries, Peru and Ecuador. The project, therefore, is binational and was authorized by General Direction of Cultural Heritage (Direção Geral do Património Cultural).

The temple has columns distant among themselves at a precise distance of 1.40 meters. It means evidence of a mathematical knowledge, of measures of space and practices of collective work.

The building is of old masonry made ​​of clay and straw, as many of the buildings of antiquity found in the Middle East and Mesopotamia, for example. The construction is decorated with colorful murals where they find themselves represented human figures and abstract themes, as combinations of horizontal and vertical lines.

The architecture, classified as monumental, shows that its builders had, in fact, a significant degree of technological advancement. According to perquisador Quirino Olivera Núñez, to build such a structure with these dimensions and characteristics, including stone columns - that, it is assumed,were taken from the rivers - such work, would require a large collaborative effort led by highly qualified masters.

This finding implies the existence of a sedentary nation, who must had inhabited the region for many years. In addition, the building that is being discovered and investigated in this moment of the search, is characterized as a ceremonial center, religious - meaning that - these ruins are of a people who developed the idea of ​​religion and ritual worship of gods. A culture more complex of that was conceived by the amazonian tribes - in neolithic level, nomads - known even then.

Quirino Olivera Núñez explains - yet - that: In the areas nearby, we have found some graves. We expect to find a tomb of a great character who may have been the leader of this [mysterious] civilization. Finally, the datation suggests that this society was contemporary of the called civilizations - the nation of the peaks of Chavin and an another of the coastal - Caral.

LINK: CARAL - The Oldest Town in The New World

SOURCE: ROMERO, Edgar. Pinturas halladas en Bagua cambiarán concepto arqueológico en el Perú.
RPP/Peru, publicado em 13/03/2012
[http://www.rpp.com.pe/2012-03-13-pinturas-halladas-en-bagua-cambiaran-concepto-arqueologico-en-el-peru-noticia_460843.html]

Cave paintings of 3,200 years discovered in the Peruvian jungle

The archaeologist Qurino Olivera - (LaRazón).
This is the unique image released of the
"archaeologica lsite" of "LasJuntas", Peruvian Amazon.

PERUVIAN AMAZON. A team of archaeologists discovered the earliest murals in the Amazon forest in a cerimonial temple of 3200 years, located nearby the city of Bagua in a department of the amazonian Peruvian jungle. The news was published in numerous newspapers of spanish language.

The researchers considered that the finding, which occurred at a place called "Las Juntas", is the first of its kind in all the Amazonian jungle, not only in Peru. The archaeologist Qurino Olivera, head of research, said this is one of the most important discoveries of recent decades.

This image: IN INFO341/Argentina but...
THIS IS LOCATED IN MEXICO, according the reader Blakbeard.
He found the source of the image above
in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonampak]
GREAT BLACKBEARD!

According to the reader Blackbeard the wall to which it relates this matter is another. This would be the picture correct, above. It's beautiful but... this painting is also of Bonampak.

The error is of the newspaper (INFO341/Argentina) that put the matter on the page with a lateral image that does not belongs to the "archaeological site" mentioned in the text: Las Juntas

Writes Blackbeard:

The wall in this article (INFO341/Argentina) is from Bonampak, Mexico. And it still provides the source of the picture and location of the mural that confused me.

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonampak]

Thank YOU! VERY MUCH! Blackbeard.

You can see the image above enlarged IN

[http://www.wayeb.org/pictures/full/bonampak_002.jpg]

The paintings were discovered on the inside and outside of a temple which has the shape of a rectangle that has a dimension of about 40 square meters. So far, archaeologists have unearthed a wall of 2.20 meters wide and - even - they found several columns.

The predominant colors are red, white, black and yellow. According to experts, the murals are strong evidence that - in the Amazon - existed a civilization that achieved high levels of technological development.

Despite the torrential rains that occur daily in the area, the murals have been preserved because they remained covered by an impermeable layer of rock and clay 15 cm thick that protected the paintings for thousands of years, the researchers said.

The excavations and studies continue in the area with the permission of the Ministry of Culture of Peru and funding of the Regional Government of Amazonas.

SOURCES

DESCUBREN PINTURAS MURALES DE 3.200 AÑOS EN LA SELVA DEL PERU.

Terra/Argentina, published in 12/03/2012

Hallan primeras pinturas murales de la selva amazónica peruana

La Razón, published in 12/03/2012

[http://www.razon.com.mx/spip.php?article114244]

DESCUBREN PINTURAS MURALES EN LA SELVA DEL PERÚ

INFO341/Ar, published in 13/03/2012

[http://www.info341.com.ar/ocio/nota.php?seccion=ocio&id=15795]