The Mystery of the Basque Sovereign

SPAIN/BASQUE COUNTRY. Sovereign - this gold coin is considered the favorite of the Queen of England. It was created in 1489 by order of King Henry VII and his issue was continued until of 1603, reign of Queen Elizabeth I. Its name is because the face of the king is minted on the obverse of the coin.

The "sovereigns" came back to be minted in 1817 and the standard amount of precious metal used in its manufacture was fixed at 7.32 grams of gold. Its approximate value: $ 300. One of these coins well known by lovers of coins, is is under custody of the Ertzaintza - (Basque police forces) in Vitoria - (capital of the basque province of Alava).

The police is requesting the cooperation of citizens to find the owner of the object (and for this reason is publishing the case and the photo of the jewel in the Spanish newspapers). After all, no one filed a complaint of theft of this object

This sovereign, in particular, inlaid in a ring, was with part of stolen material found in possession of a gang of thieves who acted - by invading houses - in the capital of Alava (or Araba - one of three provinces that make up the Basque country). This coin was minted in 1958 and has the characteristic inscription in Latin: Elizabeth II, Queen by God's grace.

The "sovereigns" circulated even the early twentieth century. In 1914 were taken out of circulation, when Britain abolished the use of gold in their currencies. However, this type of coins was still produced in very limited quantities.

Finally, its production was terminated in 1932. However, in 1957, the Royal Mint resumed his coining to combat counterfeits coming from Italy and Syria. However, these latest exemplars were owned - almost exclusive - of colecionares and gold investors.

The Basque police still informs - that all the gang assaults occurred in the center of the capital of Alava, Vitoria - on "Gasteiz avenue", its environs and in other places like Arana, St. Lucia and Judimendi. The assaults happened always when the owners were out from home.

SOURCE: El misterio del Soberano de oro
EL CORREO-Bilbao/Es, publishe IN published IN 22/03/2012
[http://www.elcorreo.com/alava/20120322/local/misterio-soberano-201203221912.html]

Prepared for the End of the World

BRAZIIL. At Rio Grande do Sul state, the city of St. Francisco de Paula, is to 112 km distant of Porto Alegre (capital of the state) to 907 meters above sea level. Considering this characteristic, the altitude, the prefect Decio Colla, who is a scholar of geophysics and astrophysics, is touting the city as a adequate place to escape a possible end of the world - according to the Mayan calendar. The "End of a Time" that can occur on December 21 this year (2012).

Decio Colla, the prefect: Is important to be prepared

Mr. Colla claims: ... the first world countries are preparing for possible disasters ... We can not wait anything happens. We must act ... He said the city already receives new residents. Persons who fear seeing confirmed the prophecy of the Maya. He don't know - yet - the number of the people that already arrived. If I could, the prefect ensures - he already would taken providences - for protection better the population.

As a public man, it is difficult to do anything at the moment. I can not stock the school lunch because I have to submit accounts zeroed at the end of each month. Even those who do not believe, they should be prepared. There are numerous factors that lead us to think that this can be confirmed. In other countries this concern already exists, but not in Brazil. We are not even paying attention in solar storms that affect our planet" he warned.

Trader in the city, Luiz Henrique Valim is an example of someone who has already took some providences for the case of any disaster that come to happen. At home, he claims to have a stock capable of feeding 50 people for a year. According to him, are 108 kg of rice, 40 kg of beans , 108 meters of textile fabrics, among other things

In addition to be prefect of San Francisco de Paula, Decio Colla is also a physician and works in hospitals in the mountainous regionof the state. For him, these solar flares hitting the earth can be an indication that the planet is entering a new phase. "Someone that is a biophysical knowsthat our whole planetary system is changing. With these changes, it is possible the occurrence of natural disasters ."

By being well above sea level, is very difficult that a tsunami come to reach the Serra do Rio Grande do Sul. Still thus, the mayor saysthe region is not free from danger. "What can reach the Sierra are tremors, storms, things of that nature. Anyway, we must be prepared," he says. "It is clear that each one takes its decision. What I want is to have a clear conscience, because if I have a lot of information, I have to pass them" - he added.

SOURCE: REBELLO, Vinicius. Prefeito mobiliza São Francisco de Paula, RS, para 'fim do mundo'. G1, published in 14/03/2012
[http://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/noticia/2012/03/prefeito-diz-que-cidade-do-rs-recebe-moradores-para-fim-do-mundo.html]

The Eternal Lamp & The Windmills

USA/WORLD. The most famous lamp of the world is installed in a firefighters station in Livermore, California. Is alight to 111 years. Uninterruptedly. Its power is 60 watts but currently uses just over 6% of that potence. It is an object that arouses the curiosity of scientists for an obvious reason: their longevity in operation.

With over a century old, this lamp appears in Guinness Book of Records, and - now - has been studied by a Spanish businessman of Cordova, Benito Muros. This man intends to design a lamp with the capacity to work forever.

The eternal lamp will be underpinned by the concept of obsolescence "un-planned" It means that the product is projected to not break, to do not suffer a colapse after a calculated time. Mr. Muros explained that the eternal lamp is of organic nature, not generate waste and can to save more than 92% in the electricity bills.

However, when speaks of the eternity of the lamp, Mr. Muros is using hyperbole. But, he ensures that, if successful, your lamp will can work during a life; 100 years without problems - counting on a wiring adequate and well maintained. The secret of this durability is to use iron with low carbon content.

Mr. Muros said that the conductors of current lamps are made of iron that have high carbon the carbon, with time, suffers microruptures causing the fatal failure of the device. He comments: Many manufacturers claim that their bulbs can last 1.000, 1.5000 or 2.000 hours, but no one is controlling the time to confirm these claims. In fact, many times, a conventional lamp burning in the same hour in which it is installed.

Mr. Muros already has a line of lamps "eternal" for domestic use and public. One of these lamps for domestic use has a potence of 60 watts but consumes only 6 watts. The cost, that can still considered high, is 26 euros. But the durability worth the price. For while, the lamps are handcrafted and the manufacturer guarantees that your product has no competitor similar throughout the world.

The inventor is essentially against so-called programmed obsolescence. He says: Today, many industries [by obvious interest] create their products with planned obsolescence. Objects are programmed to become useless after a certain time. We want to encourage other manufacturers to abolish this policy. Much of the current economy is based on this policy that compels people to buy electric and electronic products because they break, inevitably, after some time. [I will permit to me a comment: evidently, Mr. Muros discovered gunpowder!]

THE EXHAUSTING CULTURE OF THE CONTINUOUS UPGRADE

The idea is not new. The propaganda that spreads the idea that a product has become obsolete even before it be broken, that the consumer needs a more modern model of a new object, this ideology - feeds, for over two centuries, the economy of the mass consumption of all kinds of goods. Mr. Muros has good intentions but, as Don Quixote of Cervantes, his battle has everything to be inglorious. He fights a world of windmills and windmills are insensitive.

Humans, individuals, by contrast, are sensitive. They are sensitive - even too much - to the appeals of the adverts: the a launch of car the year, new "generations" of computers, mobile phones, the fashions invented of all genres. Many advertising messages - reach the extreme of cruelty, seeking to make the citizen feel ridiculous or minor, if he or she can not buy this or that newly released product.

The desire for novelty, even if only a new look on something old, comes to the extreme distress of compulsion. There are people so impressionable, so impressionable that they are able to transgress the bounds of legality, committing crimes to get the things that are advertised in the media as news, many of them simply unnecessary, dispensable.

The planned obsolescence reaches up human creatures: it is necessary to buy a new body, a new face because men or a women could be considered obsolete beings - too; objects destinated to the garbage, to the attics of societies. It is the delusion of postmodernity. A mental illness called consumerism.

SOURCE: DE JORGE, J. Un español inventa una bombilla que dura toda la vida
ABC/Es, published em 16.03/2012
[http://www.abc.es/20120316/ciencia/abci-espanol-inventa-bombilla-dura-201203161432.html]
Supplementary text: Lygia Cabus

Archaeologists unveil the Naylamp's legend

In the tomb, located in the complex-Chotuna Chornancap, were
found 120 objects including ornaments made of gold, silver and
copper. Archaeologists believe the remains belong to Cetemi,
thewife of Naylamp - the mythical hero of a pre-Columbian nation
of Peru. MORE PHOTOS: RPP

RELATED LINKS
Peru rewrites history books once more with ancient archaeological find
Naylamp’s temple discovered in Lambayeque.
The Legend of Naylamp

PERU. In October, last year (2011), archaeologists from the National Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology "Enrique Bruning" (Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Antropología) of the region Lambayeque made ​​an extraordinary discovery. They found a grave with 120 objects, including ornaments and emblems made ​​of gold, silver and copper as well as 116 pieces of pottery.

In principle, the scientists did think that they had found only one more of the leaders of the Lambayeque culture, which according to oral tradition was founded by the legendary Naylamp, but after excavations patients were surprised to perceive that the remains were not of a man but of a woman.

Then, they remembered that, according to oral tradition, the Huaca Chornancap was dedicated to the wife of Naylamp, Cetemy. Now, many already assume that the found may belong to this legendary woman.

However, archaeologists are cautious. They want to investigate further to give a definitive opinion. They expect to complete the laboratory testing. If confirmed the age of the remains, it means that the bones have about 1.250 years, which reinforces the theory of identity Cetemi.

In this case, is necessary a review of the conceptual approach of Lambayeque culture. Until then, it was considered that at that time and in the midst of this people, only the men that exercised political and religious powers received the funeral honors consistent, in function - with the importance of social position they occupied.

But the finding of a woman buried with the pomp of a queen, along with valuables, can demonstrate that the feminine sex could posses more social relevance than was previously supposed.

THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL COMPLEX
OF THE CHOTUNA - CHORNANCAP

The Huaca* de Chomancap is located 10 km west of Lambayeque**. It is a platform made of mud bricks. It has 70 meters long, 50 wide, 25 tall and is surrounded by 21 acres of building infrastructure that would have been audience saloons, warehouses, workshops, homes and cemeteries.

Archaeologists, on the basis of popular traditions and previous evidence, they say that in this place, called Huaca, is located the Palace of Cetemi. With base in this information, is assumed that her tomb could be there. The identification of body found will can - finally - confirm the legend which thus becomes part of the history.

* HUACA. Sacred place in the pre-colombian peruvian culture

** LAMBAYEQUE. Yampellec or Lampalliqi. One of the 24 departments of
Peru located northwest of the country. Includes coastal and Andean regions.

SOURCE: CABREJOS, Juan. Arqueólogos lambayecanos tras los pasos de la esposa de Naylamp.

RPP, published in 16/03/2012
[http://www.rpp.com.pe/2012-03-16-arqueologos-lambayecanos-tras-los-pasos-de-la-esposa-de-naylamp-noticia_461966.html]

Columbus, The portuguese Spy

Posthumous portrait of Christopher Columbus by Sebastiano del Piombo, 1519

HISTORY. According to academic history - the Americas, especially the lands of Central America and North America, were discovered (or rediscovered) by the Italian navigator Christopher Columbus (1451? -1506). The biography of Columbus has always been mysterious. Although - generally considered to be Italian, born in Genoa this information has always been questioned.

Recently, researchers that investigate the life of the sailor claim to have discovered the true identity and the real historical role of the man who became known as Christopher Columbus. José and Antonio Mattos e Silva (engineers, and like appear, brothers) - according to these scholars, Columbus was not born in Genoa in Italy but in Portugal around the year 1450, a village in the Alentejo - south-central region of the country - called Cuba.

His real name would have been Sancho Anes da Silva - son of the "Infanta"* Leonor of Portugal - future empress of the sacred Roman Empire and Dom João da Silva Meneses (future Blessed or pious Amadeus)

According to official history, Columbus had his project of to navigate to the West - in search of an alternative sea route to India - rejected the Portuguese monarch of the epoch, Dom João II. The idea was welcomed by the Spanish kings, called the Catholic Kings, Ferdinand and Isabella (Fernando e Isabel). However, the hypotesis is that during all the time in that he had stood dedicated to realize your adventure, Columbus was - in truth - in the service of the Portuguese kingdom, as a spy.

In their conference (realized at Columbus House - Casa de Colombo), in the freguesia** (parish) of Vale do Paraiso (Paradise Valley, a village of Azambuja***), the researchers Mattos e Silva said that - finally, the true identity of Columbus was discovered and revealed that his voyage - in particular, his return to Europe, included the passage unofficial in Portuguese lands before his arrival at the port of Palos, Spain.

The return journey began on January 3, 1493. The logbook (daily of board) omitted a passage in the Azores islands but in any case would have the excuse of a change of course caused by a storm. However, the deviation was beyond and Columbus, without motivation justified, arrived in Lisbon - in March of 1493.

There would have happened their secret meeting with (the potuguese king) Dom João II in Vale do Paraiso (the same place where researchers presented their theory). In addition, he visited his mother, Dona Leonor - that - at the time, was in the Convent of St. Anthony Chestnut, in Vila Franca de Xira.

There - would have happened their secret meeting with (the portuguese king) Dom João II in Vale do Paraiso (the same place where researchers presented their theory). In addition, he visited his mother, Dona Leonor - that - at the time, was in the Santo António da Castanheira Convent (Convent of St. Anthony Chestnut), in Vila Franca de Xira. Only after these interviews, resumed their destination to Spain.

The passage by Portugal and the meeting with the monarch are - indeed - something of suspect. For researchers, Columbus reported his findings to the king Portuguese before doing the same with the Spanish kings. Ensuring thereby, the economic and political advantage to Portugal, acting as a spy

The aim was to influence the decisions of the (Bula Papal) Papal Bull Inter Coetera, promulgated by Pope Alexander VI that - by the regulamentation of the possession of newly discovered lands in the West, would be favorable to the interests of Portugal as regards the specification of the landmarks of the territory.

The Papal Bull was published on May 3, 1493, before of Vatican know the outcome of the voyage of the browser "Genoese". Later, Portugal got an even better agreement with the signing of the Treaty of Tordesillas (Tratado de Tordesilhas).

* INFANTA. Title attributed the daughters of the kings of Portugal and Spain
** FREGUESIA. Something like a parish, an administrative division related to the management in the religious, ecclesiastical, its English equivalent is the county or parishes)
*** AZAMBUJA. Town, city of the district of Lisbon - and district, something like to a state of a federation.

SOURCE: Cristóvão Colombo ou o espião ao serviço de Portugal que passou por Vale do Paraíso.
Mirante/Pt, published in 16/03/2012
[http://www.omirante.pt/noticia.asp?idEdicao=54&id=50399&idSeccao=422&Action=noticia]

The Morning Glory Cloud of Uruguay

URUGUAY. A photograph taken on the coast of Uruguay captures the beauty of an elongated tubular cloud (cloud roll in English). The phenomenon that is known as "tubular" or familiar arcus, are formed at low altitudes.

The cold air - that stay concentred on a down level of the atmosphere - this mass, passing by a condensation process - that results of a confront with another chain of hot air - suffer this kind of transformation - in its shape. The mass of air became a long, curve and horizontal line, a tube.

The image of this cloud was taken by Captain Andreas M. Cervo Wurff on the way to Paranagua, Brazil, Montevideo, capital of Uruguay. One of the famous places where is possible to observe these clouds is Quennsland, Australia, where they are called the clouds of the "morning glory".

SOURCE: Uma nuvem tubular impressiona pela sua extensão e tamanho
Rondonia Ao Vivo, published in 14/03/2012
[http://www.rondoniaovivo.com/noticias/estranha-natureza-uma-nuvem-tubular-impressiona-pela-sua-extensao-e-tamanho/85644]