🦕 BRAZILIAN AMAZON: DRY RIVERS REVEAL GIANT FOSSILS

The Purussaurus brasiliensis, the largest alligator that ever existed, has been extinct for 8 million years. Its bite was 20 times more powerful than that of a great white shark and twice much strong as that of a Tyrannosaurus Rex.

According to Aline Ghilardi, paleontologist at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, in an interview with the BBC in 2015, the animal needed to eat an average of 40 kg of food per day to sustain its body, which could exceed 12 meters in length.

 

From the Purussaurus to the giant sloth, fragments rescued by local communities, called riverside dwellers, help scientists from the Federal University of Acre to put together a puzzle about the past of Amazonian life.

FOSSILS, 

LEGENDARY MONSTERS 

AND CURUPYRA, THE ENCHANTED ONE 

AMAZONAS STATE. BRAZIL. Pieces a Purussaurus vertebrae, the largest alligator that ever walked the planet, were found under a lemon tree: at the feet of Gerimar do Nascimento, on the banks of the Purus River, in the south of the state of Amazonas.

The relic was on display on a cliff when it was spotted by Gerimar, while sailing in his boat during a routine route, which he always takes when he goes to  Boca do Acre, the nearest city.

"I saw that piece of bone and knew it wasn't from our time" says Geri, as he is known in the region. Photo: Nádia Pontes/DW

THREE VERTEBRAE! 🤡

Carlos D'Apólito, a professor at the Center for Biological and Natural Sciences at the Federal University of Acre (UFAC), who made a point of going to the community to retrieve the fossil, commented:

"There are three articulated vertebrae. It is not common to find them like this, one next to the other", says D'Apólito. "This can help science better understand the anatomy of the species, to understand in which part of the spinal column it would be".

The piece will be transported to the Paleontological Research Laboratory at UFAC, in Rio Branco (capital of the state of Acre), where it will be studied in detail and can help advance knowledge.

The name "Gerimar do Nascimento" will appear along with that part of the Purussaurus. This is one of the rare cases in which the identity of the person who found a fossil is known and documented, says Carlos D'Apólito, the researcher.

"There is a portion of the fieldwork that ends up being done by people who are not formally paleontologists, who remain invisible, and who sometimes do not even appear in the acknowledgements", says D'Apólito.

FOSSILS ON THE BANKS OF DRY RIVERS

Near the site, a group of seven researchers is concentrating their search for traces of extinct life. They are part of the expedition led by D'Apólito and are surprised every time they turn the earth.

The dry season in the Amazon is the time when paleontologists leave their laboratories and go out to collect, with a good chance of finding fossils on the exposed banks.

The level of Purus river  during this season is well below average, say the boatmen who transported the team during the three days of fieldwork.

LEGENDS

The searches are taking place near a strip of land claimed by the Apurinã indigenous ethnic group. 

Accustomed to seeing fossils there when the river is low, the natives believe that they are ancient bones dumped by a giant snake that devours animals and hides in the Purus. In Brazilian folklore, at many regions, this snake is called "Boitatá"

PAST'S VISIONS

The planet was warmer and this Amazon region was a large wetland, with immense lakes that sheltered Purussaurus and other giants.

Veteran Alceu Ranzi, retired after working for more than thirty years at UFAC (Center for Biological and Natural Sciences at the Federal University of Acre), accompanies the group that brings together several generations of paleontologists dedicated to deciphering extinct species buried beneath the Amazon Rainforest.

With fossil fragments in hand, Ranzi imagines the scenario in which these animals lived together – or competed. "We are walking along the bottom of a large lake. There was a very rich fauna here: alligators, turtles, sloths, rodents, all giants", says Ranzi.

During the Miocene, dinosaurs had become extinct about 40 million years ago. Humans did not yet exist. 

Crocodiles, which shared the land with dinosaurs and are related to Purussaurus, adapted and survived, as did large mammals. The lush Amazon Rainforest probably did not yet exist.

SOURCES

PONTES, Nadia. Rios secos e ribeirinhos revelam fósseis de gigantes que viveram na Amazônia

G1/DW, SEPT102024

https://g1.globo.com/ciencia/noticia/2024/09/10/rios-secos-e-ribeirinhos-revelam-fosseis-de-gigantes-que-viveram-na-amazonia.ghtml

BENTES, Gabriel. Fóssil do maior jacaré que existiu no mundo é encontrado na Amazônia

O LIBERAL, SEPT062024

https://www.oliberal.com/brasil/fossil-do-maior-jacare-que-existiu-no-mundo-foi-encontrado-na-amazonia-1.859016

🌳🌳🌳 AMAZON. DROUGHT IN REGION REVEALS ANTHROPOLOGICAL TREASURES ON RIVERBEDS

Ancient rock carvings that reappeared in the region of Lajes Archaeological Site due severe drought that affecting the rivers's basin of the Negro River in Amazonas State, northern Brazil, on 21 October 2023

AMAZON. The worst drought in the Amazon region in more than a century has lowered the water level in the river basin, revealing anthropological mysteries.

Strange human faces carved in stone, dating back around 2 thousand years, appeared in the dry bed of the Rio Negro.

Researchers suspect that the engravings are prehistoric or pre-colonial, but know nothing about their origins.

The region where the rocks were discovered is called Ponto das Lajes, on the north coast of the state of Amazonas, at the confluence of the Negro and Solimões rivers.

In 2010, some geoglyphs appeared when the water level of another Amazon river fell: in the Madeira River.

At the time, archaeologist Jaime de Santana Oliveira, from the National Historical and Artistic Heritage Institute (IPHAN), commented: “We cannot date them exactly, but based on evidence of human occupation of the area, we believe they are around 1,000 years. 2,000 years ago...

Regarding the recent discovery, Oliveira said: “This new discovery is more significant. This time we found human faces carved into the rock.”

In the Brazilian Amazon there are at least five areas with extensive rock formations where these rock engravings appear.

THE DESTROYING CORRUPTION OF NGOs

The former minister of the Lula and Dilma governments, Aldo Rebelo, made statements to the CPI of NGOs this Tuesday (11/7) stating that there are three parallel states: the official one, that of organized crime and that of NGOs, in which he claimed to be 'the most important and the strongest'. Rebelo also detailed how organized crime took over Amazonian territories, and criticized the actions of NGOs in the region.

SOURCE: 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8DPHHG0M9A0

However, there is no real interest from official science in Amazonian archeology or anthropology. In fact, the entire Amazon region, for more than a century, has only been the target of greed, whether from foreign nations or Brazilian leaders bought by foreign agents.

Men who wear bright ties talk a lot about ecology and indigenous people when they are in front of mass media cameras.

However, in the real world, EVERYONE is commercializing the jungle, illegally exploiting its riches: precious and rare minerals, water, wood, fauna, flora and the Indians themselves, who live in absolute poverty, as do all the people of Brazil north region. 

The reality is that hundreds of representatives of foreign NGOs, including Canadian, German, Belgian, French, North American and some few Brazilian (which are no different from the previous ones), who scream in world forums for the preservation of the Amazon, these NGOs raise a lot of money "in the name of the cause" and appropriate of this money under the most diverse pretexts. 

In the end, these "saviors of the planet" use these values for personal enrichment to detriment of the true interests of Brazil, indigenous peoples and the poor Brazilian people in general.

What powerful people do in the Amazon is exactly the same as what the same powerful people do in Africa. Until when?

SOURCE

06NOV2023

El secreto de las caras misteriosas encontradas en el fondo del Amazonas: unas obras creadas hace miles de años

https://www.cuatro.com/cuatroaldia/20231106/secreto-caras-misteriosas-encontradas-amazonas-habla-divulgador-cientifico_18_010903056.html

ALDO REBELO DETALHA CRIME ORGANIZADO NA AMAZÔNIA E DETONA SISTEMA DE ONGs

YOUTUBE, JULY 11, 2023

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8DPHHG0M9A0

BRAZIL. FOOTAGE OF THE LAST INDIGENOUS ISOLATED AND NOMADS FROM AMAZONAS

On August 15, 2013, the Daily Mail published: Caught on camera: Isolated Amazon tribe captured for the first time on video before vanishing into the woods after encounter with 'the enemy'. 

IN YOUTUBE - [FULL] Isolated Amazon Tribe Captured For The First Time on Video
Published on Aug 15, 2013

[http://youtu.be/jbNpnUkVblc]

BRAZIL. FRONTIER BETWEEN STATES MATO GROSSO AND AMAZONAS. IN AUGUST, the FUNAI - Fundação Nacional do Índio (National Indian Foundation) - has released images, hitherto unpublished, of indigenous nomads, remnants of the ancient Kawahiva nation . They still live isolated from contact with people 'civilized.

The recording was made in 2011 on the border of Mato Grosso with Amazonas state, on indigenous lands of the Reserve Kawahiva, by sertanistas from FUNAI, officials (agents) specialized in monitoring - from far - of the latter isolated peoples of the Brazilian Amazon. 

Men, women and children were filmed while were crossing the forest, in their routine life of nomadic hunters and gatherers who take shelter in villages always provisional. 

The disclosure of images made ​​news around the world. On August 15, 2013, the Daily Mail published: Caught on camera: Isolated Amazon tribe captured for the first time on video before vanishing into the woods after encounter with 'the enemy'.

SOURCE: Imagens inéditas mostram tribo que ainda vive isolada na Amazônia.
TELEJORNAL HOJE/REDE GLOBO. 13, August - 2013.
[http://g1.globo.com/jornal-hoje/noticia/2013/08/imagens-ineditas-mostram-tribo-que-ainda-vive-isolada-na-amazonia.html]

👽 An Alien at Amazonas

BRAZIL WEIRD NEWS. In 2011, november 7, the newspaper EL Heraldo/Hn, published: "Turistas británicos aseguran haber capturado a un extraterrestre en Brasil" (British tourists claim to have captured (in images) an alien in Brazil.

It happened at a region in the vicinity of Manaus city, capital of Amazonas state. Two British tourists that were on tour in Manaus, Brazil, say they have captured, with their camera, an alien. The video has caused a stir on the Internet.

The images show a strange creature beside a tree and what is even stranger, there was a ball of a blue light that appears to be floating few meters behind him.

The creature not made any moves during recording and this detail arose suspicions that the scene is a fake. But this is not accurate. At one point of the footage, for a moment, the strange being, made a moviment , flexing his back. 

The intention of the tourists, according themselves, was to make a footage of a native youngs group and nobody noticed the alien until see the images obtained.

Michael Cohen

The video has been tested and been certified as authentic by the researcher Michael Cohen that after checking the tape with the help of his team, Cohen concluded that the recording was not altered at any time. 

The rain forest of Brazil is known for other cases involving aliens that weren't even investigated by the government. Many believe that this place is very attractive to the aliens for their great diversity of plants and animals.

SOURCES 

Turistas británicos aseguran haber capturado a un extraterrestre en Brasil.

EL HERALDO/Hn, published in 11/11/2012

[http://www.elheraldo.hn/Otras-Secciones/Ademas-Hoy/Extraterrestre-en-Brasil]

Michael Cohen. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Cohen_(writer)

https://eju.tv/2011/10/imgenes-sensacionales-extraterrestre-grabado-en-brasil/

Amazons: Stories of the women warriors

The legend of the women warriors roamed all the heavenly realms.It belongs to those uniform circle ofdreams and ideas around which the poeticand religious imagination of all human races andall ages gravitate almost instinctively.

Alexander von Humboldt

One of the most fascinating legends of the mythical culture of the Amazon region is the saga of the female warriors called Amazons. A story so extraordinary that the memory of this great tribe ended up giving name to the whole extense region of tropical-equatorial jungle. 

Since the first incursions of the europeans crossing the Atlantic to conquer territories, chroniclers Spanishes and Portugueses, among others, talk about these brave women of South America.

Although they have received that name as a reference to the mythical tribe of women called Amazons, at ancient Greece, that also dominated perfectly fabulous steeds, the Amazons of South America they did not know horses. But in terms of the arts of war those indigenous women were as courageous like the greek female warriors.

At the time of the great maritims discoveries, time of the great navigations appears the first and unique (of a eyewitness) relate about amazons of the South-America. The notes were written by Gaspar de Carvajal, catholic religious that was present in the expedition (1541) of Francisco Orellana (1490-1550, explorer and adventurer of Spain) along the great river of the tropical forest, the Amazon river.

In his text, Relación del nuevo descubrimiento del famoso río Grande que descubrió por muy gran ventura el capitán Francisco de Orellana (Account of the recent discovery of the famous Grand river which was discovered by great good fortune by Captain Francisco de Orellana), the dominican Friar Gaspar de Carvajal tells:

...[the indigenous, the men]... They are the subjects and tributaries of the Amazon. Realizing our arrival, they ran to ask help to the women-warriors. They came in a small group. It was ten or twelve of them. We saw them. (They confronted us). In front of everyone them (the men) as captains ... fought bravely. (Indigenous, men who fled of us) ... They all were killed by beating with with big wood sticks (the sticks are called 'bordunas').

These women have very light skin. Are of tall stature, long hair arranged in braids around the head. They have a strong physique, well trained. They don't use clothes, living naked and cover only the genitals (in terms of the Friar, 'the shames'). They are skilled with their bows and arrows and one of this women worth ten men.

However, Carvajal says that in the end, the spanishes obtained the win against the women warriors killing about eight of them. One of the natives asked about the women said that they lived inside (at hinterlands, not on the coast), around seven days far from the coast ... their villages were made with stones, their homes had doors and their roads had vigilants in all the strategic points for require the payment of a tax to let pass the travelers.

Legend or fact, Carvajal's account coincides with many others left by others historic travelers. Everyone agrees that these women not cohabit with men. It is an all-female society. That does not mean, however, that they have no contact with men while males. After all, for the women-warriors were needed too procreate to preserve their bloodline.

With them – they interbreed. When they become pregnant, they release the captives. If the child that born of the relationship is a girl, will be educated to be a warrior. If borns a boy, he will be delivered to the tribe of the father or, according to other information, will be killed immediately.

GOLD, SILVER AND RELIGION

At the epoch of Carvajal and Orellana the Amazons were headed by an honorable warrior. Hers was recorded until the name or perhaps the title. It was called 'Conhori'. 

The Amazons were rich. They had large amounts of gold and silver that was used to the manufacture of a variety of objects, from tools to clothes and jewelry. But the great luxuries were intended for an elite of nobles. The common women used objects made ​​of wood or seeds. These powerfull society of women mastered the art of pottery, too.

In account collected by Carvajal, these women did not lived in simple villages, like the other Indians of the region. Apparently, they had a culture more advanced than the South American tribes that inhabited below of the equator line.

Those women lived in cities. They had a capital city, where the Great Lady had her residence. There, existed five major buildings dedicated to worship of the sun. 

These large houses were called "caranaí". There were big salons, with covered floors, ceilings decorated with paintings very coloridas and many idols and others objects made ​​of gold and silver. They wear clothes of fine wool, because the lands of the Amazons warriors, there are many sheep, as in Peru.

The brazilian indigenous that portugueses navigators found, men and women, still remained limited in a Neolithic culture. The Amazons women that lived further north and west, were much more evolved. This is a mistery.

[http://www.pantanalnews.com.br/contents.php?CID=66202]

To sell: river island in the Amazon

AMAZONAS – At Amazonas state, in Carei Castanho city, located 125 km from Manaus (state capital), a little river island is for sale. The ground measures 8 hectares in area, has a house with 72 m², a floating dock and some fruit trees. In the past, on-site, existed a livestock.

The owner, Mr. Nuno - (who preferred not to reveal the full name), 71, ensures that the documentation is in order. He says: My father bought the land in 1907 for 40 "contos". I lived there for some time but I need to stay in Manaus. So I'm selling.

According to the Environmental Protection Institute of Amazon (Ipaam), the team sent to the place found that, indeed, there is a title deed dated 1911. The Institute has no environmental constraints to make the sale. Moreover, the Land Institute of the Amazon, although it considers the business uncommon believes that, considering the size of land, the sale is considered conform the law.

Mr. Nuno does not hide the soil is not ideal for agriculture but believes that the place has a good potential for tourism or even can be an excellent place to live. The price of the island: 60 000 Reais (slightly more than $ 37,000 or almost 26 000 euros)

SOURCE: AFFONSO, Victor. Ilha é colocada à venda em Careiro do Castanho.
IN A Crítica, published in 05/08/2011
[http://acritica.uol.com.br/manaus/Ilha-colocada-venda-Careiro-Castanho_0_476952398.html]

The Heart Lake

MANAUS – At the Amazonas state, near the capital – Manaus, the photographer from Reuters News Agency Ivan Canabrava captured the curious vision of a lake that has the shape of a heart, surrounded of the green of forest. The image, published in 27 of october was got in september, 30 (2010).

SOURCE: Lago em 'formato de coração' é fotografado na floresta amazônica
IN G1 – published in 02/11/2010
[http://g1.globo.com/planeta-bizarro/noticia/2010/11/fotografo-flagra-lago-em-formato-de-coracao-na-floresta-amazonica.html]

Indigenous Rite: The proof of ants

Glove prepared for the tucandeira ritual. 

fonte: Wikimedia Commons

AMAZONAS state – At the region of Andirá river, that borns in the state of Para and empties into the Amazon, north of Brazil, are situated the lands of the indigenous tribes of the Sateré-Mawé people. 

There are 38 villages recognized by FUNAI (National Foundation of Indigenous) along the River Andirá.

The Sateré-Mawé, like many peoples of all the cultures of the world, including the post-modern culture, they have a iniciation ritual by wich all the young have to pass when they reach a certain age. In the case of indigenous Sateré-Mawé this ritual is the tucaneiras ants proof.

The tucandeiras ants (Paraponera clavata), that are also named cabo-verde ants in portuguese, Bullet-ants in english, "Hormiga Bala" or, still, "Hormiga 24 horas" in spanish (ants 24-hours), this specie is famous for their extremely painful bite. The Spanish name refers to the duration of the pain caused by the bite of this insect.

The initiation ritual of Sateré-Mawé consists in suffer the extreme pain of the bites of many of these ants. 

For the occasion, ants are stored in a cylinder of bamboo. The insects can not leave because the cylinder is sealed with leaves of white-cashew. 

The ants hate it. In the preparation of the ceremony, the ants are introduced, one by one, inside a sleeve made of straw-caranã.

The heads of the animals remain at the side out of the gloves, the stingers, inside the glove. The whole process irritates the ants. 

When the gloves are ready, beginners should wear these gloves and keep them for 15 minutes while the hands are being bites by these ants, hostiles. While the boys are suffering from pain, the tribe sings and dances.

The ceremony of the Tucandeira is a religious rite. Besides being a test of courage is an act of bravery and a protection for the body. 

The indigenous Sateré-mawé believe the sting of ant-tucandeira has medicinal properties, like a kind of vaccine.

 

The people says that if someone that is with a fever wears the tucandeiras gloves, the fever goes away.

The ritual must be repeated twenty times in twenty different days. If it miss a single day, the protection of the rite is broken, and the curse falls on the defaulter.

For the afraid youngs, who desire avoid the proof, the Tucandeira's curse is a thing to consider. He will be tormented by the Tucandeira. 

The elders say that the tucandeira is a woman. She appears in the dream of the men as a beautiful woman and offers a food that is not of this world. Who eats of this food becomes very ill. 

A native who made his twentieth ritual this month (August 2010) says, relieved: If I had not finished, I would die, I become ill and paunchy, because she "impregnates" (the person). You stay like a pregnant but, in true, begin to grow tucandeiras within the man.

FONTES:

Ritual leva meninos a colocarem mão em luva com formigas.

IN Portal MS – published in 16/08/2010

[http://www.portalms.com.br/noticias/detalhe.asp?cod=959587514]

Tribo Sateré-Mawé. IN Missão Novas Tribos do Brasil MNTB

[http://www.mntb.org.br/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=128&Itemid=242]

The Man of The Hole

This is the guard post of FUNAI. Possibly, the the holes of the native man are better off. Let's Meditate ...

AMAZONAS ─ The support organization for indigenous people, Survival Intrenational, reported in this wednesday, december 8, that an indian has been suffered repeated attacks by armed men.

According the Survival International, this indian is known like ''The Man of The Hole'', cause he digs holes to capture animals and for hide himself. His tribe, wich name is unknown was massacred in the decades of 1970 and 1980. The director of the Survival international, Stepen Corry: His tribe was massacred in the past. Now, The Man of The Hole is facing the same problem.

The post of the florestal guard was looted, informed functionaries of the Funai - [National Indian Fundation ─ Fundação Nacional do Índio]. Shotgun cartridges were found at the local. Police suspect that the criminals are in the service of local ranchers who covet the lands of the Man of The Hole.

Source: Último sobrevivente de tribo é atacado na Amazônia, diz ONG
IN O Globo ─ published in 12/10/2009
[http://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/mat/2009/12/10/ultimo-sobrevivente-de-tribo-atacado-na-amazonia-diz-ong-915135239.asp]

THE AMAZONAS'S MUSEUM AT ROOFLESS

Manaus ─ Amazonas: The archeological site Hatahara, located at Iranduba city, 25 km of Manaus, state capital, will be the first archaeological museum at the roofless of the country.

 

The project aims to get people to the site of excavations através de uma trilha de 600 metros de extensão. Situated at Iranduba's urban zone, at the confluence of the rivers Negro and Solimões, In Hatahara were found urns, vases and pottery ware.

Many of the objects show paintings and carvings representing the animal heads, these objects are called Caretinhas [something like small masks]. In 2006 was found the first entire skeleton of an Indian buried between the 8th century and the 12 DC. The body was in an Indian cemetery, just a meter deep.

According data of the Centro de Arqueologia dos Biomas da Amazônia, the Amazon basin [watershed] has been occupied by more than 10 thousand years. Even the fifteenth century, the region was densely populated by indigenous people.

The mapping of archaeological sites in Amazonas began in 1995 with the Central Amazon Project, created by researchers Michael Heckenberger (Departamento de Antropologia, Universidade da Florida), James Petersen (Departamento de Antropologia, Universidade de Vermont) e Eduardo Góes Neves (Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, Universidade de São Paulo). The project includes about 150 archaeological sites in the region.

Source: 

Sítio Hatahara, no Amazonas, poderá ser primeiro museu arqueológico a céu aberto do país

In O Globo publicado em 07/10/2009

[http://oglobo.globo.com/cidades/mat/2009/10/07/sitio-hatahara-no-amazonas-podera-ser-primeiro-museu-arqueologico-ceu-aberto-do-pais-767945 192.asp#]