Showing posts with label anthropology. Show all posts
Showing posts with label anthropology. Show all posts

Monday, December 4, 2023

🌳🌳🌳 AMAZON. DROUGHT IN REGION REVEALS ANTHROPOLOGICAL TREASURES ON RIVERBEDS

Ancient rock carvings that reappeared in the region of Lajes Archaeological Site due severe drought that affecting the rivers's basin of the Negro River in Amazonas State, northern Brazil, on 21 October 2023

AMAZON. The worst drought in the Amazon region in more than a century has lowered the water level in the river basin, revealing anthropological mysteries.

Strange human faces carved in stone, dating back around 2 thousand years, appeared in the dry bed of the Rio Negro.

Researchers suspect that the engravings are prehistoric or pre-colonial, but know nothing about their origins.

The region where the rocks were discovered is called Ponto das Lajes, on the north coast of the state of Amazonas, at the confluence of the Negro and Solimões rivers.


At the time, archaeologist Jaime de Santana Oliveira, from the National Historical and Artistic Heritage Institute (IPHAN), commented: “We cannot date them exactly, but based on evidence of human occupation of the area, we believe they are around 1,000 years. 2,000 years ago...

Regarding the recent discovery, Oliveira said: “This new discovery is more significant. This time we found human faces carved into the rock.”

In the Brazilian Amazon there are at least five areas with extensive rock formations where these rock engravings appear.

THE DESTROYING CORRUPTION OF NGOs
The former minister of the Lula and Dilma governments, Aldo Rebelo, made statements to the CPI of NGOs this Tuesday (11/7) stating that there are three parallel states: the official one, that of organized crime and that of NGOs, in which he claimed to be 'the most important and the strongest'. Rebelo also detailed how organized crime took over Amazonian territories, and criticized the actions of NGOs in the region.
SOURCE: 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8DPHHG0M9A0

However, there is no real interest from official science in Amazonian archeology or anthropology. In fact, the entire Amazon region, for more than a century, has only been the target of greed, whether from foreign nations or Brazilian leaders bought by foreign agents.

Men who wear bright ties talk a lot about ecology and indigenous people when they are in front of mass media cameras.

However, in the real world, EVERYONE is commercializing the jungle, illegally exploiting its riches: precious and rare minerals, water, wood, fauna, flora and the Indians themselves, who live in absolute poverty, as do all the people of Brazil north region. 

The reality is that hundreds of representatives of foreign NGOs, including Canadian, German, Belgian, French, North American and some few Brazilian (which are no different from the previous ones), who scream in world forums for the preservation of the Amazon, these NGOs raise a lot of money "in the name of the cause" and appropriate of this money under the most diverse pretexts. 

In the end, these "saviors of the planet" use these values for personal enrichment to detriment of the true interests of Brazil, indigenous peoples and the poor Brazilian people in general.

What powerful people do in the Amazon is exactly the same as what the same powerful people do in Africa. Until when?

SOURCE
06NOV2023
El secreto de las caras misteriosas encontradas en el fondo del Amazonas: unas obras creadas hace miles de años
https://www.cuatro.com/cuatroaldia/20231106/secreto-caras-misteriosas-encontradas-amazonas-habla-divulgador-cientifico_18_010903056.html
ALDO REBELO DETALHA CRIME ORGANIZADO NA AMAZÔNIA E DETONA SISTEMA DE ONGs
YOUTUBE, JULY 11, 2023
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8DPHHG0M9A0

Friday, March 28, 2014

Brazil. Anthropology. 3,500 years Skeletons found at Piauí state



Photo/UOL notícias: André Pessoa 
+ RELATED 
NEW YORK TIMES, 03/27/2014 
Discoveries Challenge Beliefs on Humans’ Arrival in the Americas 
By SIMON ROMEROMARCH  
[http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/28/world/americas/discoveries-challenge-beliefs-on-humans-arrival-in-the-americas.html?_r=0] 


BRAZIL. STATE OF PIAUÍ. ARCHAEOLOGY/ANTHROPOLOGY.  Researchers from the Museu do Homem Americano (Fumdham, Museum of American Man) found a cemetery with 12 human skeletons with approximately 3,500 years each one. The discovery  occured in one of about 800 archaeological sites of the Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara, distant 540 km from Teresina city, state capital.

The first discoveries were made in March,  2013-  when a team of archaeologists was preparing another 10 sites for visitation when they perceived the evidence of a skeleton: was boy and could to have about a year, when he was buried (photos).

The bodies were buried in simple graves and funerary urns, and most of the bones belong to children, according to archaeologist Tania Santana.



Photo/UOL notícias: André Pessoa

More precisely, the cemetery is located at a place known as 'Toca do Gongo, a place that - since the year of 1970 - already has a history of harboring ancient tombs. So far, there are seven skeletons found in 12 graves. 

While the boy's bones has being scrutinized, the other six exemplars, that still are in into urns - will be worked out in laboratory.

The discovery of this cemetery is important  because there are few records of graves at Serra da Capivara. This complicates the study of nations who demonstrably occupied the area along tens of thousands of year.

The new material collected will allow researchers to stablish comparative studies about the different cultures that lived in the park and by this way begin to identify and recognize them.


Material was found in the Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara. The archaeologist, Tanya Santana  said most of bones belong to children. Foto: Pedro Santiago/G1 

Beside the skeletons, also were found various lithic materials, rocks and minerals that may to have been used in various ways, which were collected and cataloged in the Fumdham's  laboratory.

The Parque Nacional da Capivara is an area which reachs the municipalities of Canto do Buriti, Coronel José Dias, São João do Piauí and, especially, the the territories around São Raimundo Nonato city.  

Since the 1970s, studies have confirmed that the man's presence in Serra da Capivara dates of 50,000 years, the oldest records discovered in America even now.

+ RELATED 
NEW YORK TIMES, 03/27/2014 
Discoveries Challenge Beliefs on Humans’ Arrival in the Americas 
By SIMON ROMEROMARCH  
[http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/28/world/americas/discoveries-challenge-beliefs-on-humans-arrival-in-the-americas.html?_r=0]

SOURCES
SANTIAGO, Pedro. Arqueólogas acham ossada de criança de 3.500 anos no Piauí.
G1 PIAUÍ/BRASIL, 03/28/2014
[http://g1.globo.com/pi/piaui/noticia/2014/03/arqueologas-acham-ossada-de-crianca-de-3500-anos-no-piaui.html]
OSSADAS DE 3 MIL ANOS NO PIAUÍ
NOTÍCIAS UOL, 04/03/2014
[http://noticias.uol.com.br/ciencia/album/2014/03/04/veja-imagens-de-ciencia-do-mes-marco2014.htm?abrefoto=42]

Friday, February 28, 2014

South American mummy ritually sacrificed




BBC, 27 February 2014 
South American mummy ritually sacrificed  
By Melissa Hogenboom   
[http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-26357011] 

SOUTH AMERICA/GERMANY - A previously unidentified female mummy was killed in a ritual sacrifice in South America... A team of scientists analysed the skull to find evidence of a blunt trauma to the head, suggesting she died very quickly from the blow. DNA analysis also revealed she suffered from a parasitic infection called Chagas disease.

The mummified woman is over 500 years old, and would have died in her early 20s. She is thought to have arrived in Germany... in 1898. Where exactly she would have lived remains unclear... The researchers therefore suggest she lived near the Peruvian or Northern Chilean coast line. 

MORE 
South American mummy ritually sacrificed 

Thursday, February 6, 2014

Cenotes - The sacred Wells of the Mayans



MEXICO/GUATEMALA. In Yucatan, in underground caves there are many wells called cenotes. In this places someone can fell the surviving of a mystic aura that crossed 14,000 years of history of the Maya. 

Considered sacred places, in these caves and waters are made millenar rituals. These caves are also sacred to archaeologists.

Even today, these places are protected, not only by the INAH (National Institute of Anthropology and History) as well, by the descendants of that mysterious people who - until today, performs ceremonies in these caves and cenotes where they make offerings to ancient deities and entities: the Lords of the waters and of the fields. 


CENOTES - WHAT THEY ARE



A cenote located in Belize, country at the northeastern coast of Central America

The cenotes, of different sizes, are formations like wells. They are natural pools, fountains. The term "cenote" -  is a  word  compound of three ideias - TS - ono - OT

Together, this concepts refer,  among the mayans , to natural water fountains, wells. Cenotes are cavities of limestone rocks - more or less deep. How were formed during periods of low sea level - in many cenotes, the water is salty.CENOTES.




This is a video of researchers in one of the pools of Belize. The images show a diver approaching a crater. He disappears into a cloud of sand that rises from the depths of the waters. When the video reaches about 3 min and 40 s, appears the rescue of part of a huge human femur.

BELIZE. Diver 'VANISHES' in Portal to Maya Underworld 
YOUTUBE. Jul 6, 2010. National Geographic CHANEL.
[http://youtu.be/qG1mKDQnpH4]


For the ancient Maya, the underground caves that contain cenotes were inhabited by gods. The spanish catholic religious - Fray Diego de Landa, who was archbishop of the Archdiocese of Yucatán between 1572 and 1579 - claimed that the gods of the underworld have inhabited these caves.  

Even archaeologists must respect the traditions to study these sites. Are released to enter only after going through a ceremony conducted by a wise man, a priest. The ritual includes the reciting of  prayers and spells (from mayan tradition) - during all the night. In the morning, is made ​​the sacrifice of an animal, usually a turkey or a chicken. 

These priests do not allow to any person enter the cenotes. According to their beliefs, the gods, owners of these caves and wells - they can punish, severely,  the violation of their property. Who dares enter the lakes without the ceremonies and permissions may get sick, or worse, may be captured and disappear, can be abduced - forever, into  the waters's mysteries.

SOURCE
FONTE: FERRER, Almudena.Arqueólogos estudian la historia Maya en cavernas sagradas cubiertas de agua.
LA GRAN EPOCA, publicado em 14/06/2012.
[http://www.lagranepoca.com/24641-arqueologos-estudian-historia-maya-cavernas-sagradas-cubiertas-agua]
 

Friday, August 16, 2013

BRAZIL - The Mirrors of Heaven of Rondonia


RONDONIA/BRAZIL. There around 100 km from Alta Floresta do Oeste city (this, located distant 540 km Porto Velho (North region of Brazil), capital of Rondonia state, in a place called "cachoeira pequena" of rio Consuelo (small watterfall of Consuelo river), the brazilian independent researcher Joaquim Cunha Silva discovered a structure that is being called Altar Cerimonial Sagrado de Paititi (Sacred cerimonial altar of Paititi).














IMAGE FROM: Altar Cerimonial Sagrado de Paititi
YOUTUBE/Joaquim Cunha da Silva.

Posted em 25/JULY/2013
[http://youtu.be/Gxh6c4Qr9WI] 

The found, that already was notified to the governamental authorities, shown to be an archaeological complex that includes, more than the Altar, residencial buildings, vast areas of planting, prepared, as agricultural terraces, funerary space and an enigmatic stone colossus, an elevation topographic with pyramidal form on top of which stands a figure zoomorphic which some identify as a giant condor. The native South Americans of western Amazon region call this place Huaca del Condor (below).

Since 2009, Joaquim Cunha Silva performs incursions in the region in search of geoglyphs and other cultural connections between the extreme northern Brazil and the peoples of the interior and the west coast of the continent, like the Andean and Arawak (Andinos and Aruaques).  

The discovery of Paititi's Altar is, in deed, an important evidence of the close relations among the south-americans nations in a wide territory of this part of the continent, situated below Equator line. 

Those kind of cavities on the rocks were found before in many countries of spanish Latin America, like Peru and Colombia - being the first, famous for its tradition to be the cradle of a great and mysterious civilization. According the Italian-Peruvian physicist and historical researcher Enrico Mattievich* :

The altar of Rondonia, with circular depressions dug into a huge stone slab, is very old and can be up to thousands of years... Several other stone altars were found ... I think these altars or "Mirror of Heaven" are related with the Kernos,  huge circular stone with 34 circular depressions found in the Palace of Malia, Crete, dedicated to the cult of fertility.

* ENRICO MATTIEVICH. Born in 1938 in the Italian city of Fiume, now Rijeka - Croatia. In 1949 he emigrated to Peru with her parents. He began his higher studies in Physics and Mathematics at the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos in Lima, where he was Professor of Experimental Physics. PhD in Physics, Brazilian Center for Physics Research, 1974. Researcher of Applied Physics in Mineralogy, Palaeontology and Archaeology in the Universidade Federal do Rio do Janeiro - UFRJ (Federal University of Rio de Janeiro). Author of Journey to the Mythological Inferno” - America’s Discovery by the Ancient Greeks - ROGEM PRESS, 2010.

SOURCE: CUNHA DA SILVA, Joaquim. Localizado em Rondônia Brasil o Altar Cerimonial Sagrado de Paititi.
ELDORADO-PAITITI, 12/08/2013
[http://eldorado-paititi.blogspot.com.br/2013/08/localizado-em-rondonia-brasil-o-altar.html]

Wednesday, May 8, 2013

Archaeologists Found the Oldest Package of Marijuana of History

A "berlota" - a raceme, bunch from the marijuana's package found in the tomb of the shaman.

CHINA. The oldest package of marijuana of the world  - "berlotas", bunches - totaling 789 grams - was found in a tomb in Turpan,  China's northwest, buried next to a shaman. 

(Today, at Brasil, usually a decent minimal amount to buy is of 50 grams and berlotas is the local name to call the bunches).

The researchers of the Journal of Experimental Botany - that informed the reportage - they ensure that the batch has over 2 thousands and 700 years and its good conservation condition is due to alkaline soil and the low level of humidity in the tomb.

The tomb of the chinese shaman where was found the oldest package of marijuana of history.

It is speculated that the "tea", the "herb" has been placed in the tomb for use in future life beyond the grave. The neurologist Ethan B. Russo explained:

It was a common practice in burials (in whole Ancient world): to deposit (in the graves) objects and provisions (of all kinds) that - (supposedly) - will be needed to the disembodied in another world (or another dimension of life).

It remains to zealous researchers make all laboratory tests required for discover if this marijuana, after so much time saved - still retains its principles actives.

Not will be too much to imagine that, a devoted a scientist will expose himself of the risk of even personally experience the material,  burning a cigarette of this historic ganja  to confirm its potential narcotic. After all, at 789 grams - who will notice the lack of a thin? 

Let's meditate ...

THIS NEWS IN PORTUGUESE
http://sofadasala-noticias.blogspot.com.br/2013/05/arqueologos-encontram-parada-de-maconha.html

SOURCE: 
En China, encuentran un cogollo con 27 siglos de antigüedad.
MINUTO-UNO, published in 25/04/2013.
[http://www.minutouno.com/notas/285428-en-china-encuentran-un-cogollo-27-siglos-antigedad-]

Saturday, September 29, 2012

The Miystery of Inga's Stone

  by Lygia Cabus

Panoramic view of the great wall of Ingá. 
Foto: J. P. Juarez, 2006. 
[http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficheiro:Cabaceiras_apn_abril2006_a_002.jpg]

RELATED LINK 
[http://brazilweirdnews.blogspot.com.br/2013/08/the-mirrors-of-heaven-of-rondonia.html]

PARAIBA state. BRAZIL. At the northeast region of Brazil, distant 87 km from de Joao Pessoa, capital of the state of Paraiba, nearby the city of Ingá, in Sierra Borborema, on the banks of the river Inga, (ancient river Bacamarte) - exists a great archaelogical site. There, is found a one of the most mysterious monuments of the Humanity history. It is the Inga Stone.

The grest wall of gneiss's rock, dating of 6,000 years, with 46 meters of long by 3,8 meter of height, is covered with figures and signs which meaning is unknown by the archaeologists and anthropologists that examined them.

Some of these singns are astonishing, like a cross, a skull, a rose and a strange form that seems an aircraft.


Details of the inscriptions


The origins of this rock engravings are controversial: some belive that they can has been made by unknown natives of the primitive South America but, the elaborated forms and their ordenation has sugested that the sequence can be a kind of document, like a hieroglyphical scripture.

By this, has been cogitated the presence, in a remote past, of ancient navigators nations that, eventualy, arrived to the continental coast and explored the lands of the region. This hipothesis, postulates the Phoenicians, for example, like being the authors of the panel. But the symbols are not phoenicians, that possessed their own alphabet.
Some signs of Inga's Stone resemble to ancient runes, the writing method of the culture of the called - northern barbarians.


No one knows how, by whom or for what motives were made the inscriptions on the rock. Various sources have been identified, and there are many who argue that the Stone of Inga has Phoenician origin. Fr Ignatius Rolim, for example, professor of Theology, Greek and Latin, who lived in the nineteenth century, was one of the first defenders and promoters of these theses, making analogies between the symbols written on the stone of Inga and characters from Phoenician writing.

The austrian researcher, Ludwig Schwennhagen, in the early twentieth century, toured various parts of the Northeast' hinterlands [of Brazil] - studying traces of the supposed presence of Phoenicians in this region. Besides numerous articles, he came to write the book "Ancient History of Brazil," not only associating the inscriptions of Inga with the Phoenicians, but also with the demotic writing of Egypt.

There is also a stream that holds that the signs of Inga were extraterrestrial engineering work. The president of the Centro Paraibano de Ufologia, Claudio Quintans, suggested that an alien spacecraft landed in the region of the Inga Stone. Another researcher, Gilvan de Brito, in the book "Viagem ao Desconhecido" ("Journey to the Unknown"), says that in the Inga's Stone exist formulas of the production of quantum energy and even mathematical including equations that might indicate the distance between the Earth and the Moon.

However, until today it was not possible to say, conclusively - who were the authors of the signs and what are and what the meaning - of the sequence of signs of the monument. Researchers connected to the branch of archeology, as DENNIS MOTA and VANDERLEY DE BRITO * - argue that the inscriptions have been made by primitive communities inhabiting the region, using stone chisels to carve the signs in the rock, about 6000 years ago. (PROUS, 2006)

OBS.: Corrected by the reader Leonardo Chaves in the comment below. Thanks.

HITTITES - THE RESEARCH OF GABRIELE BARALDI
30/09/2012


However, no reportage about the Inga's Stone can be complete without mentioning the work of independent archaeologist and scholar of ancient languages, the italian Gabriele D'Annunzio Baraldi (1938-2002).

Baraldi is, possibly, the only researcher who has reached a robust conclusion about the origin of the subscriptions in the Inga panel. Plus, he produced one - and this is the unique known - translation of the sequence using a science called Epigraphy ¹, combining methods from three experts ² in a compared study.

(1) Epigraphy (from the Greek: literally "on-writing", "inscription") is the study of inscriptions or epigraphs as writing; it is the science of identifying graphemes, clarifying their meanings, classifying their uses according to dates and cultural contexts, and drawing conclusions about the writing and the writers. Specifically excluded from epigraphy are the historical significance of an epigraph as a document and the artistic value of a literary composition. [en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigraphy]

(2) Emmanuel Laroche - french, expert of ancient Anatolian languages - 1914-1991. Piero Meriggi italian, 1899-1982. Hans Gustav Güterbock, German-American Hittitologist, 1908-2000.

Based on these studies, Baraldi, that studied the Inga's Stone since 1988, developed his theory presented in the book The American Hittites which, as the name suggests, postulates the presence of the Hittites in Brazilian lands in a historical period very remote.

The key of the translation, made ​​by Baraldi, was the identification of the Tupy-Guarany, the native language by the Brazilian natives with a language called proto-hittita. According to the researcher, the proto-hittita was spoken and written in the mythical civilization of the Atlanteans, there about 50,000 years.

Reprudution of the a set of inscriptions of the Inga' Stone.

Many symbols of the Inga's monolith are similar to those found in Turkey, in ancient Anatolia of the Hittites. A series of inscriptions speak of a "borders war" between two sovereigns of mesopotamic origin. Another story tells about a terrible volcanic eruption. The ashes covered a stone city on the Atlantic coast, similar to what happened in Pompeii and Herculaneum. (BARALDI, 2009 - Reproduction of interview)


The similarities between the characters of rongorongo, writing system of Easter Island, with the signs of the Inga Stone.

Baraldi explains that the Hittites - that inhabited in the highlands of Anatolia (now Turkey) since 2.500 BC - developed a very advanced civilization technically, but also mentally and spiritually. In his chronicles - they registered the occurrence of a catastrophe very old: annihilation of a large archipelago situated in the middle of the Atlantic ocean current. 

Descendants of the inhabitants of these islands, including, Poseidonis, the seat of the Atlantis kingdom, took refuge in various parts of the world, as in Mesopotamia. However, the dispersion arrived to many other places, as the east and west coasts of South America.

The hieroglyphs of Inga's Stone that - according the researcher, can be dated between 1.374 and 1.332 BC, resemble with inscriptions found in the Canary Islands, in the Easter island (the writing system Rongo Rongo-) or in the slopes and mosaics of Heraklion (or Candia on the island of Crete)


Mosaic in Heraklion.

Another controversial point about inscriptions of the panel of Inga is the method used to produce them. While archaeologists Orthodox insist that in the use of chisels made ​​of stone by natives, G. Baraldi presents another hypothesis: the Hittites... dominating the use of geothermal energy, produced the hieroglyphics, using molds and mechanical pressure on layers of lava (or stone) semi melted - (in liquefied state), natural or artificially. 

Baraldi based this idea on the fact that the signs of Inga are traced with precise contours - very well made​​ and they are preserved despite the ravages of time and natural forces, like the waters of the Ingá river that, periodically, rise up, submerging part of the monument. In fact, during the rainy season the great monolith is partially covered by water. (FONSECA, 2008).


The Ingá's astronomical table
RIGHT: The Ingá version of Orion constellation.


Petroglyphs in the dry river bed.

But the inscriptions are not only found in the great wall of rock. During the drought, the riverbed - dry - reveals numerous petroglyphs equally enigmatic. Among these, there are small depressions forming a group that, by its configuration, was called astronomical board. The marks are capsular points and signs that seem to be related to each other representing a constellation. Some scholars associate this set to the Orion constellation.

ABOUT GABRIELI D'ANNUNZIO BARALDI


Gabriele D'Annunzio Baraldi nasceu em San Próspero - Modena, Itália em 1938. Em 1950, mudou-se com a família para a Argentina onde, em Buenos Aires, formou-se bacharel em Filosofia e Letras. Posteriormente, fixou residência definitiva em São Paulo, Brasil.

Independent researcher, interested archaeological mysteries, deepened this field of research. He studied ancient languages ​​and visited many archaeological sites in the world. Wrote two books that have become references in the study of fundamental puzzles of antiquity History of Latin America: The Discovery Doc 512 and The Hittites Americans, both published in 1997.

His work is recorded on video in a series of four episodes on YOUTUBE, (posted on 05/24/2012). Audio original in Portuguese: OS AMERO-HITITAS

1 - [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bm_oslhzCA&feature=share&list=UU3cqzBbo4t0mrnY8Yvt2dhQ]
2 - [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EpDCZDabvyY&feature=share&list=UU3cqzBbo4t0mrnY8Yvt2dhQ]
3 - [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ICHo-XuGGLU&feature=share&list=UU3cqzBbo4t0mrnY8Yvt2dhQ]
4 - [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZhyExfi42FI&feature=share&list=UU3cqzBbo4t0mrnY8Yvt2dhQ]

To get the documentary in its entirety, DVD format - contact:
annabaraldi@brturbo.com.br
annaholst9@yahoo.com.br

OBS.: Corrected by the reader Leonardo Chaves in the comment below. Thanks.

RELATED LINK 
[http://brazilweirdnews.blogspot.com.br/2013/08/the-mirrors-of-heaven-of-rondonia.html]

FONTES
ESPÍNOLA, Hugo Alexandre. A Impressioante Itacotiara de Ingá.
RE-LIGARE, publicado em 31/08/2008. Acessado em 28/09/2012.
.[http://religare.blogs.sapo.pt/37336.html]
MAZIERO, Dalton Delfini. O Mistério da Pedra do Ingá.
ARQUEOLOGIAAMERICANA, publicado em 30/11/2009. Acessado em 29/09/2012.
[http://arqueologiamericana.blogspot.com.br/2009/11/o-misterio-da-pedra-do-inga.html]
PESSOA FARIA, Francisco Carlos. Os Astrônomos pré-Históricos de Ingá. São Paulo: IBRASA, 1987.
IN GOOGLE BOOKS. Acessado em 28/09/2012.
PROUS, André. O Brasil antes dos brasileiros: a pré-história do nosso país. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 2006.
OLIVEIRA BRUNO, Thomas (org.). Pré História II: estudos para a arqueologia da Paraiba. João Pessoa: JCR Editora, 2011. 
IN *pdf - Acessado em 29/09/2012. [http://mhn.uepb.edu.br/Livros/pre-historiaii_isbn978-85-99619-32-2.pdf].

ABOUT GABRIELE BARALDI
MAUSO, Pablo Vilarrubia. Entrevista com Gabriele Baraldi.
VIA FANZINE, published in 28/01/2009.
[http://www.viafanzine.jor.br/entrevistas4.htm]
FONSECA, J. A.. Os estudiosos diante do misterioso monólito do Ingá.
ARQUIVOS FORTEANOS LATINO AMERICANOS, published in 11/05/2008.
[http://www.aforteanosla.com.ar/Colaboraciones/brasil/articulos/fonseca%20pedra%20inga.htm]

Thursday, September 6, 2012

Machu Picchu - The Small and Mysterious Grave of the Mountain

The tomb on the hill. Mysterious: small and isolated.

PERU. A strange tomb was found on the hill Uñawaynapicchu in the Archaeological Park of Machu Pichu - on Monday, 03/09/2012. Unlike other funerary constructions of the pre-Columbian civilizations of Peru, this grave is located on the top of a rocky hill, about 10 meters below the summit of the elevation, in front of the big wall of Machu Pichu. Small - measures only 1.20 meters long and has 75 cm wide.

The park director Fernando Astete told Andina news Agency: It is unique because all the graves of Machu Pichu, such as those found by Hiram Bingham (north-american explorer and treasure hunter, 1875-1956), are caves that had been closed with stones of different sizes - stacked and covered with mud - which served as the cement of these constructions.

Researchers have realized that this strange sepulture was desecrated but on the spot were found bones and pottery shards. Next to the tomb, were rescued pieces of stone that belonged to it, what allowed to restore the original appearance of the crypt.

Archaeologists and historians have no idea who was buried there but they believe that was a character distinct or at least unusual, given the location difficult to reach and the size remarkably reduced of this mysterious burial chamber.

SOURCE: Machu Picchu: hallan tumba "única en su género" en el parque arqueológico.
EL COMERCIO/PERU, publicado em 05/09/2012.
[http://elcomercio.pe/turismo/1465523/noticia-machu-picchu-hallan-tumbaunica-su-genero-parque-arqueologico]

Tuesday, September 4, 2012

Swaziland - The Dance of the Virgins For the King


The virgins of Swaziland. Dancing to get a place of queen aside the king. 
In YOUTUBE [http://youtu.be/bOSC4GMQzYA]


AFRICA. SWAZILAND. At the small kingdom of Swaziland (17,364 km2), situated in the south of African continent, in august, more than 80 thousands of young women, allegedly virgins, danced half naked, only wearing short skirts and breasts on display to impress the called Ngwenyama (title of king) - King Mswati III, nicknamed "the Lion". It is the Umhlanga or Baile de la Caña (something like The Dance of Bamboo Stick).

The ritual is performed at the royal residence, in Ludzidzini Royal Village. In this time of year, during this party, the king chooses one of these women to be his new bride and future wife - aside of the others - that he already has. They are twelve - currently (2012). 

The other wives - they also observe the dancers - the girls candidates to be the wife of each year. Indeed, everyone sees this ceremony because it become a tourist attraction of the country and videos of the annual performances are available on Youtube.

Besides the possibility of becoming queen, young women dance to show their pride in still be virgins. It is a statement of virginity.


The king: he is needing a diet... urgent...

Mswati III, born in april 18 of 1968 - four hours before the country to get independence from Britain - succeeded his father Sobhuza II in 1986. Initially, it was named after Makhosetive. He already had 13 wives but one of them was caught betraying him with the Minister of Justice and both were arrested.


Swaziland is a kingdom very poor. Two-thirds of his subjects, a population of just over one million of inhabitants, are fed by international aid; 34% of the active population is unemployed and more than half live on less than a dollar a day. And - even - Swaziland is considered the African country with the highest percentage of people with AIDS, about 39%.


TRADITION

Nobody knows when or how the tradition of this ceremony began. It has been realized by hundreds of years and is a heritage of the culture of Zulu nation (a nation of african natives). The party is not only for the king choose a new bride. 

But, is much more that this. In truth, in its origins, the Umhlanga is in honor to the mother-Queen of the Swaziland also called the great Elephanta or Indovuzaki. At Swaziland, while the king rules the administration, the politics, the Mother-Queen is the spiritual chief of the kingdom.

To be a mother-Queen, the wifes, among the all of them have to reunite certain conditions. She can't belong to the royal family regnant and has to have only one son. This woman, that will be always a wife of the precedent king, is choosed to be the mother Queen by decision of the royal family and never by another system.

Not are all the wives choosed during the Umhlanga. The first two wives are elected by national counselors and must to be of determined clans: one, of the Matsebula; another - of the Motsa clan. These wives have special ritual functions and their sons never will be the heirs of the crown


THE QUEENS

A politically active woman who represents the kingdom brightly in intercional scenario. Los Angeles, USA - 2009. Getty Photos IN HUFFINGTON POST, 19/05/2012. 

[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/05/19/inkhosikati-lambikiza-swaziland-first-lady- _n_1529955.html?1337522107&ref=style#slide=998403]. 

LOOK - The list of Swaziland Queens 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_of_succession_to_the_Swazi_throne]


The list of wives of the king Mswati III of Swaziland is very interesting. Contrary to what one might think seeing the girls in the dance of the virgins they are not simpletons women and even less - wild natives. 

At least two of them are formed in higher education, in university courses: LaMatsebula, ritual wife, has degree in Psychology. LaMbikiza, born June 16, 1969 as Sibonelo Mngomezulu, is lawyer and is active member in the Swazi Royal Initiative to Combat AIDS (RICA).

LaMotsa, the other ritual wife is Goodwill Ambassador of United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) since 1996. LaNgangaza, born Carol Dlamini, is patron of the world organization "Hospice at Home" previously led by Diana, Princess of Wales.


SOURCES
Miles de vírgenes en Suazilandia bailan para convertirse en «prometidas» del Rey.
ABC/Spain, published in 03/09/2012.
[http://www.abc.es/20120903/internacional/abci-baile-mujeres-virgenes-suazilandia-201209031501.html]
MATEUS FERREIRA, Leonor. Virgens dançam para conquistar Rei Mswati III.
Diario de Noticias/Pt, published in 03/09/2012.
[http://www.dn.pt/inicio/globo/interior.aspx?content_id=2749958&seccao=%C1frica&page=1] 
Rei da Swazilândia cumpre ritual para escolher a 14ª esposa.
TPA-SAPO/Pt, published in 04/09/2012.
[http://tpa.sapo.ao/noticias/internacional/rei-da-swazilandia-cumpre-ritual-para-escolher-a-14-esposa]